Interactions Among Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Yellow Foxtail, and Corn

Ellsbury, M. M.; Banken, K. R.; Clay, Sharon A.; Forcella, Frank

doi:10.1603/0046-225x-34.3.627

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…We did not quantify the effects of treatment on the roots themselves, but crop root abundance, size and nutritional quality are often affected by cover crops (Hulugalle 1988, Sainju et al 2001) and these host characteristics are extremely important for the successful development of D. virgifera larvae (Moeser and Vidal 2004b, Olmer and Hibbard 2008, Agosti et al 2009). The symptoms that we observed in the larvae of the cover-cropped treatment also have been reported for this species raised on hosts of sub-optimal quality Ortman 1967a, b, 1970;Johnson et al 1984;Clark and Hibbard 2004;Moeser and Vidal 2004a; Wilson and Hibbard 2004;Chege et al 2005;Ellsbury et al 2005;Oyediran et al 2005), which adds further support for our hypothesis that maize plants in the cover-cropped treatment were a less suitable host for developing D. virgifera larvae. In addition, intraspeciÞc competition among the larvae may be affected by the environment produced by the cover crop residue, and merits further examination as a possible mechanism for our observations on larval population characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The Effects of a Winter Cover Crop on Diabrotica virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Populations and Beneficial Arthropod Communities in No-Till Maize

Lundgren

Fergen

2010

env. entom.

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The effects of an autumn-planted, spring-killed, grass cover crop (Elymus trachycaulus [Link] Gould ex Shinners) on populations of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte and its predator community were evaluated in South Dakota maize fields over two seasons. Abundance and size of D. virgifera larvae and adults and sex ratio of adults were measured in maize produced under two treatments (i.e., a winter cover crop or bare soil), as were maize root damage and the abundance and diversity of the predator communities collected on the soil surface and in the soil column. First and second instars and adults of D. virgifera were similarly abundant in the two treatments, but third instars were significantly fewer in maize planted after a winter cover crop. Larvae developed at different rates in the two treatments, and second instars were significantly smaller (head capsule width and body length) in the maize planted after a cover crop. First and third instars and adults were of similar size in the two treatments, and adult sex ratios were also similar. Although initially similar, predator populations increased steadily in the cover-cropped maize, which led to a significantly greater predator population by the time D. virgifera pupated. There was significantly less root damage in the cover-cropped maize. Predator communities were similarly diverse in both treatments. Predator abundance per plot was significantly and negatively correlated with the abundance of third instars per plot. Clearly, winter cover crops reduce D. virgifera performance and their damage to the crop, and we suspect that this reduction is caused by both environmental effects of the treatment on D. virgifera size and development, and of increased predation on the third instars of the pest. Additional data on the impact of cover crops on actual predation levels, grain yield and quality, and farmer profitability, and correlations among pest performance, crop characteristics, and predator populations and behaviors are key components of this system that remain to be addressed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The Effects of a Winter Cover Crop on Diabrotica virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Populations and Beneficial Arthropod Communities in No-Till Maize

Lundgren

Fergen

2010

env. entom.

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“…The young adults were assumed to no longer be teneral, as they were fully coloured and did not have the light grey soft body typical of adults just after emergence. The body size parameters included: head capsule width including eyes (Branson and Ortman, 1970; Branson and Sutter, 1985; Oyediran et al, 2004; Ellsbury et al, 2005), pronotum width and length, elytra width (i.e. single measurement of both elytra together across the dorsum), elytra length (Mabry et al, 2004), as well as hind tibia length (Haye et al, 2005; Jenner and Kuhlmann, 2006) (Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flight and crawling activities of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in relation to morphometric traits

Toepfer

Kuhlmann

2010

J Applied Entomology

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Morphometric traits and body weight are often used to study changes in fitness. For the invasive alien maize pest, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, little information is available regarding the possible relationship between morphometric traits and adult activity, which reflects the ability to disperse and invade. Flight and crawling activities of D. v. virgifera adults were investigated in relation to six different morphometric traits as well as body weight, sex and age. This laboratory study revealed that flight activity of D. v. virgifera differed between sexes and changed with age. Young adults of both sexes flew more frequently and took off faster than mature adults. Males flew more frequently and took off faster than females, regardless of age‐class. No such differences were found for crawling frequency, but young males crawled faster than young females. Further analysis revealed that fresh body weight and morphometric traits of young adults were better predictors of flight and crawling activity than the same measurements made on mature adults. Particularly pronotum and elytra measurements on young adults are recommended for bioassay studies on activity parameters of D. v. virgifera.

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“…Setaria spp.) that can serve as alternate WCR larval hosts in maize fields can also delay adult emergence (Breitenbach et al , 2005; Ellsbury et al , 2005) and reduce mean beetle size (Ellsbury et al , 2005) when compared with weed‐free maize. This is consistent with published data that indicate Setaria species are sub‐optimal larval hosts (Branson & Ortman, 1967, 1970; Clark & Hibbard, 2004).…”

Section: Larval and Adult Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) population dynamics

Meinke

Sappington

Onstad

et al. 2009

Agri and Forest Entomology

152

162

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1 The western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte is a major insect pest of field maize, Zea mays L. Larvae can cause substantial injury by feeding on maize roots. Larval feeding may destroy individual roots or root nodes, and reduce plant growth, stability, and yield. Costs associated with managing corn rootworms in continuous maize are annually one of the largest expenditures for insect management in the United States Corn Belt. 2 Even though D. virgifera virgifera has been studied intensively for over 50 years, there is renewed interest in the biology, ecology, and genetics of this species because of its ability to rapidly adapt to management tactics, and its aggressive invasive nature. 3 This article provides a comprehensive review of D. virgifera virgifera population dynamics, specifically: diapause, larval and adult development, seasonality, spatial and temporal dynamics at local and landscape scales, invasiveness in North America and Europe, and non-trophic interactions with other arthropods. 4 Gaps in current knowledge are identified and discussed especially within the context of challenges that scientists in North America and Europe are currently facing regarding pest dynamics and the need to develop appropriate management strategies for each geographic area.

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Interactions Among Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Yellow Foxtail, and Corn

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

The Effects of a Winter Cover Crop on Diabrotica virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Populations and Beneficial Arthropod Communities in No-Till Maize

The Effects of a Winter Cover Crop on Diabrotica virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Populations and Beneficial Arthropod Communities in No-Till Maize

Flight and crawling activities of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in relation to morphometric traits

Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) population dynamics

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