Interactions among plants, bacteria, and fungi reduce extracellular enzyme activities under long‐term N fertilization

Carrara, Joseph E.; Walter, Christopher A.; Hawkins, Jennifer; Peterjohn, William T.; Averill, Colin; Brzostek, Edward R.

doi:10.1111/gcb.14081

Cited by 143 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Emerging research suggests that soil enzyme activities decline in response to long-term N fertilization in forest ecosystems due to a cascade of ecosystem responses affecting both microbial community composition and plant C allocation belowground (54). However, soil enzyme activities did not change in response to the N addition in this SDTF, probably because the short-term N fertilization was not enough to induce significant shifts in the microbial community and plant C allocation in these tropical soils, which seem not to be limited by N availability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Controls on Soil Microbial Communities in a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest

Pajares

Campo

Bohannan

et al. 2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Several studies have shown that rainfall seasonality, soil heterogeneity, and increased nitrogen (N) deposition may have important effects on tropical forest function. However, the effects of these environmental controls on soil microbial communities in seasonally dry tropical forests are poorly understood. In a seasonally dry tropical forest in the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico), we investigated the influence of soil heterogeneity (which results in two different soil types, black and red soils), rainfall seasonality (in two successive seasons, wet and dry), and 3 years of repeated N enrichment on soil chemical and microbiological properties, including bacterial gene content and community structure. The soil properties varied with the soil type and the sampling season but did not respond to N enrichment. Greater organic matter content in the black soils was associated with higher microbial biomass, enzyme activities, and abundances of genes related to nitrification () and denitrification ( and ) than were observed in the red soils. Rainfall seasonality was also associated with changes in soil microbial biomass and activity levels and N gene abundances., ,, and were the most abundant phyla. Differences in bacterial community composition were associated with soil type and season and were primarily detected at higher taxonomic resolution, where specific taxa drive the separation of communities between soils. We observed that soil heterogeneity and rainfall seasonality were the main correlates of soil bacterial community structure and function in this tropical forest, likely acting through their effects on soil attributes, especially those related to soil organic matter and moisture content. Understanding the response of soil microbial communities to environmental factors is important for predicting the contribution of forest ecosystems to global environmental change. Seasonally dry tropical forests are characterized by receiving less than 1,800 mm of rain per year in alternating wet and dry seasons and by high heterogeneity in plant diversity and soil chemistry. For these reasons, N deposition may affect their soils differently than those in humid tropical forests. This study documents the influence of rainfall seasonality, soil heterogeneity, and N deposition on soil chemical and microbiological properties in a seasonally dry tropical forest. Our findings suggest that soil heterogeneity and rainfall seasonality are likely the main factors controlling soil bacterial community structure and function in this tropical forest. Nitrogen enrichment was likely too low to induce significant short-term effects on soil properties, because this tropical forest is not N limited.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Controls on Soil Microbial Communities in a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest

Pajares

Campo

Bohannan

et al. 2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Saleem et al (2018) suggested that root system architecture altered the root microbiome structure. Marschner and Timonen (2005) demonstrated that an interaction between plant species and mycorrhizal colonization affected soil bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere. Also, soil type, nutrition, fertilization and root zone location would influence soil bacterial diversity (Marschner et al, 2001(Marschner et al, , 2004Berg and Smalla, 2009).…”

Section: Influence Of Distance To Roots On Soil Properties and Bactermentioning

confidence: 99%

Sowing Methods Influence Soil Bacterial Diversity and Community Composition in a Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System on the Loess Plateau

et al. 2020

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“…We speculate that N application may change the requirement of soil microbes on C, N, and P, as well as affect soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition. However, the effect of N addition on soil microbial biomass has been found to be inconsistent; some studies found that N addition decreased soil microbial biomass [49,50]; recent research found that N addition first increased and then decreased the soil microbial PLFA content in a study conducted on the Loess Plateau [39]. Enhanced N deposition reduced soil microbial biomass and biomass respiratory efficiency in an oak forest [8].…”

Section: Response Of Soil Microbial Biomass To N Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Addition Alleviates Microbial Nitrogen Limitations and Promotes Soil Respiration in a Subalpine Coniferous Forest

Liu

Chen

Wang

et al. 2019

Forests

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Soil microbes are an important component of soil ecosystems that influence material circulation and are involved in the energy flow of ecosystems. The increase in atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition affects all types of terrestrial ecosystems, including subalpine forests. In general, alpine and high-latitude ecosystems are N limited. Increased N deposition could therefore affect microbial activity and soil respiration. In this study, four levels of N addition, including CK (no N added), N1 (2 g m−2 a−1), N2 (5 g m−2 a−1), and N3 (10 g m−2 a−1), were carried out in a Sichuan redwood forest at the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. The dynamics of soil respiration, major microbial groups, ecoenzymatic stoichiometry, and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (MBC and MBN, respectively) were investigated over a year. The results showed that N application significantly increased soil respiration (11%–15%), MBC (5%–9%), MBN (23%–34%), N-acetylglucosidase (56.40%–204.78%), and peroxidase (42.28%–54.87%) activities. The promotion of soil respiration, N-acetylglucosidase, and peroxidase was highest under the N2 treatment. The carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus metabolism of soil microbes in subalpine forests significantly responded to N application. In the latter stages of N application, microbial metabolism changed from being N restricted to phosphorus restricted, especially under the N2 treatment. Soil bacteria (B) and gram-positive (G+) bacteria were the dominant microbial groups affecting soil respiration. Structural equation modelling indicated that N application significantly promoted soil respiration and microbial biomass, whereas the main microbial groups did not significantly respond to N application. Therefore, we conclude that short-term N addition alleviates microbial nitrogen limitation and promotes soil respiration in the subalpine forest ecosystem that accelerates soil carbon (C) and N cycling. Continuous monitoring is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms under long-term N deposition, which may help in forecasting C, N, and P cycling in the alpine region under global climate change.

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Interactions among plants, bacteria, and fungi reduce extracellular enzyme activities under long‐term N fertilization

Cited by 143 publications

References 88 publications

Environmental Controls on Soil Microbial Communities in a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest

Environmental Controls on Soil Microbial Communities in a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest

Sowing Methods Influence Soil Bacterial Diversity and Community Composition in a Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System on the Loess Plateau

Nitrogen Addition Alleviates Microbial Nitrogen Limitations and Promotes Soil Respiration in a Subalpine Coniferous Forest

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