Interaction with a visual interactive simulation, and the effect of cognitive style

The effects of visualization on judgment and decision-making: a systematic literature review

“…The most documented cognitive bias in my review is overconfidence, which can be aggravated by the use of visualizations (O'Keefe and Pitt 1991). Multiple studies demonstrate that graph use can increase decision confidence without enhancing decision quality to the same extent in the context of management and finance (Tang et al 2014;Yildiz and Boehme 2017;Wesslen et al 2019).…”

Experimental behavioural research in operational research: What we know and what we might come to know

“…It is worth noting that in all of these three simulation studies (O'Keefe & Pitt, 1991, Chau & Bell, 1995, Bell & O'Keefe, 1995 user accuracy is relatively poor compared to either an optimal or a known solution. Bell & O'Keefe (1995), however, does demonstrate significant improvement by users over a solution they suggest prior to using the model.…”

“…A number of studies have used students as subjects (e.g., O'Keefe & Pitt, 1991, Hämäläinen et al, 2013 or even colleagues (Akpan & Brooks, 2014). Better external validity is achieved with actual decision makers, or at least professionals.…”

An experimental investigation into the role of simulation models in generating insights

“…It may be that the characteristics of the NHS111 problem lend themselves better to being understood through statistical outcomes than a simulation animation. Indeed, previous research shows that the appropriateness of the display depends on the characteristics of the task (Dickson 1988, Jarvenpaa 1989, O'Keefe and Pitt 1991. A different task might be better translated into pictures than in numbers.…”