Interaction Regulations Used by Schizophrenic and Psychosomatic Patients: Studies on Facial Behavior in Dyadic Interactions

Steimer-Krause, E.; Krause, Rainer; Wagner, G

doi:10.1080/00332747.1990.11024505

Cited by 47 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Schizophrenic patients have marked difficulties in recognizing faces, in understanding facial expression and gestures, as has been shown in interaction analyses [2,40]. At the same time, they often show a strong impairment of self-actualisation in bodily expression.…”

Section: A) Embodimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenge of Neuroscience: Psychiatry and Phenomenology Today

Fuchs¹

2004

Philosophy and Psychiatry

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SummaryThe paper illustrates the present role of phenomenological psychopathology by outlining its method and focusing on some of its major issues: embodiment or body scheme, intentionality, time-consciousness and intersubjectivity. The application of these categories to the analysis of psychotic disorders is demonstrated. Special emphasis is given to the relationship between phenomenology and cognitive neuroscience, a relationship that has been variously viewed as "mutual constraint" or as "mutual enlightenment". Here a new cooperation linking phenomenology, psychopathology and cognitive science begins to emerge. Phenomenology offers a methodically developed theory of human subjectivity which is indispensable to any attempt to understand, explore and treat psychiatric disorders.

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Section: A) Embodimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenge of Neuroscience: Psychiatry and Phenomenology Today

Fuchs¹

2004

Philosophy and Psychiatry

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“…In contrast, schizophrenia patients in remission show a reduced mimic activity, especially of the lower face (20). One study investigated an increased activity of the area around the nose, caused by the M.levator labii (21). A recent study investigated a reduced facial activity, especially in the upper face in acute schizophrenia patients and a stability of this pattern in the acute illness course and in remitted schizophrenia patients (22).…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Facial Expression of Emotions in Schizophrenia Patients: Preliminary Findings with a New Electromyography Method

Wolf¹,

Maß²,

Kiefer

et al. 2006

Can J Psychiatry

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Objective:We investigated facial expression of emotions (FEE) in schizophrenia patients, using an improved and highly selective facial electromyography (EMG) method, and we examined the correlation between FEE and psychopathology. Method:We compared unmedicated patients with schizophrenia (n = 32) with healthy subjects (n = 21) with regard to the activity of 3 joy-relevant facial muscles (the M.zygomaticus, the M.orbicularis oculi, and the M.levator labii). Emotions were induced by pictures from the International Affective Picture System. We measured previsible muscle activity with a new, highly selective facial EMG. We used the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale to evaluate psychopathology. Results:Patients with schizophrenia showed fewer joy or smile reactions than did control subjects and displayed decreased activity of the M.orbicularis oculi and M.zygomaticus under presentation of positive pictures. Reduced activity of these muscles can be caused by depression. Increased activity of the M.levator labii correlates with positive symptoms. Conclusions:Our findings indicate that psychopathological syndromes correlate with schizophrenic mimic disturbances. These results can be used to compare various antipsychotics with regard to their influence on mimic disturbances. Clinical Implications · Schizophrenia is a disease that causes great damage to the individuals affected and to the national economy. · An adequate facial expression is essential for bonding and for human relationships. · Bonding and human relationships of schizophrenia patients have an impact on social outcome, course, and prognosis of the disease. Limitations· The stimuli allow a good standardized setting but do not yet allow a generalization of the results to the concept of joy. · Because of the pilot character of the study, we did not examine other specific factors and epiphenomena that may affect muscle reactivity.

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“…Both contempt (Krause et al, 1992;Schwab et al, 1997;Steimer-Krause et al, 1990) and disgust (Steimer- Krause et al, 1990) were found to be frequent affects. However, no previous research had examined the robustness of these findings, nor…”

Section: Main Findings and Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most frequent affect shown by a subject, or in a sequence, is called the lead-affect (Krause & Merten, 1999;Merten & Krause, 2003). The lead-affect in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia was usually found to be contempt (Krause et al, 1992;Schwab, Merten & Krause, 1997;Steimer-Krause et al, 1990) and the second most frequent affect was disgust (Steimer- Krause et al, 1990). For the purpose of this project, these two negative facial affective expressions are described below in some detail.…”

Section: Facial Affective Expressions In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, it was found that these patients showed an overall reduction of mimic and facial affective expressiveness compared to healthy subjects (Aghevli, Blanchard & Horan, 2003;Krause, Steimer-Krause & Hufnagel, 1992;Kring & Earnst, 1999;Kring & Neale, 1996;Kring, Kerr, Smith & Neale, 1993;Trémeau et al, 2005;Steimer-Krause, Krause & Wagner, 1990). Secondly, they were found to show elevated amounts of negative facial affectivity compared to healthy subjects (Krause et al, 1992;Merten & Krause, 2003;Schwab, Merten & Krause, 1997;Steimer-Krause et al, 1990). The most frequent affect shown by a subject, or in a sequence, is called the lead-affect (Krause & Merten, 1999;Merten & Krause, 2003).…”

Section: Facial Affective Expressions In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emotional interplay and communication with patients diagnosed with schizophrenia

Bergman¹

2009

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Emotional interplay and communication with patients diagnosed with schizophrenia was studied in clinical interviews. Fifty-one video recorded interviews were conducted by two psychologists with nine patients. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used in three successive studies. Study I examined the communicative interplay on an overall level, including verbal and nonverbal means of communication. The interviewer's willingness to explore and pursue the emotional content in the patient's narrative was found to be important for establishing well functioning communication. In Study II, the stability over time of facial affective expressions in the emotional interplay was evaluated, using EMFACS. For the patients, no substantial changes in the amount of affects were found across all the interview occasions, although for one interviewer, contempt slightly increased. Whereas previous findings found contempt to be the most frequent affect in patients, in the present material disgust was as common, but depended on the interviewer. Study III investigated gaze behaviour and facial affective expressiveness. The objective was to test whether patients reduced their negative facial affectivity during mutual gaze. The patients were found to not reduce their negative facial affectivity during the state of mutual gaze. This finding was independent of both interview occasion and interviewer and implies that the patients might have intended to communicate negative facial affectivity to the interviewer. The research suggests that the emotional interplay is dominated by the negative facial affective expressions of mainly disgust and contempt. It is proposed that these negative affects may be connected to a patient's low self-esteem, as the self in schizophrenia may be engrained by self-disgusting and self-contemptive affective experiences. The interviewer's capacity to respond to these negative facial expressions must therefore be considered as important.

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Interaction Regulations Used by Schizophrenic and Psychosomatic Patients: Studies on Facial Behavior in Dyadic Interactions

Cited by 47 publications

References 13 publications

The Challenge of Neuroscience: Psychiatry and Phenomenology Today

The Challenge of Neuroscience: Psychiatry and Phenomenology Today

Characterization of the Facial Expression of Emotions in Schizophrenia Patients: Preliminary Findings with a New Electromyography Method

Emotional interplay and communication with patients diagnosed with schizophrenia

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