Interaction of ZDDP with Borated Dispersant Using XANES and XPS

Zhang, Z.; Yamaguchi, E. S.; Kasrai, M.; Bancroft, G.M.

doi:10.1080/05698190490500725

Cited by 50 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The interaction of borated dispersant with ZDDP has been reported before [26]. Here we report the interaction of other AW and EP additives with two borated dispersants using the B K-edge XANES technique.…”

Section: Boron Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Since the contact area in the ball-on-disk condition is smaller than that of the pin-on-disk, the effective pressure will be higher at the same load. The contact area of ball on disk was 1.4 · 10 )7 m 2 , versus 4.1 · 10 )7 m 2 for pin on disk, and the corresponding pressures were 1.6 · 10 9 Pa and 5.4 · 10 8 Pa, respectively [26]. The test parameters are listed in table 1.…”

Section: Materials and Tribofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of interaction of EP and AW additives with dispersants using XANES

et al. 2005

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The chemical interaction of two kinds of dispersants (bis-succinimide dispersant and borated bis-succinimide dispersant) with four kinds of antiwear (AW) and extreme pressure (EP) additives (zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, dialkyldithiophosphate ester, diphenylphosphate ester and dialkyldithiocarbamate) has been investigated under different contact pressures. The chemical compositions of the tribofilms have been studied by B, N, P and S X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The N K-edge XANES analysis has been used to follow the reaction pathway of amine and imide functional groups in the dispersants and their interactions with EP and AW additives. It has been found that AW additives react with amine to form amine phosphate at low load. However, at high load, there is a good evidence for the formation of a nitrate phase in the tribofilms, the first direct observation of oxidative dispersant loss in the rubbing contact. On the other hand, EP additives behave differently and in general are less reactive. The B K-edge XANES has been employed to follow the interaction of borated dispersant with the EP and AW additive. In general, boron originally in the trigonal coordination, is converted to a tetrahedral coordination form in the process of tribofilm formation.

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Section: Boron Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Materials and Tribofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of interaction of EP and AW additives with dispersants using XANES

et al. 2005

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“…ZDDPs, their reaction products, and AW films have been studied by many analytical techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) [7,8], Auger electron spectroscopy [8][9][10][11], and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy [12][13][14][15][16][17]. The AW films generated from ZDDP have been found to contain varying amounts of zinc, phosphorous, oxygen, sulphur and iron.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on ZDDP Anti-Wear Films Formed Under Different Conditions by XANES Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and 31P NMR

Pereira

Kasrai

et al. 2007

Tribol Lett

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Antiwear (AW) films, generated from a mineral base oil containing a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) additive, were studied as a function of formation temperature, load and rubbing time. The surface morphology of these films was investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and surface roughness calculated for the observed differing surface morphologies. The morphology of the films is heterogeneous for all the tested conditions, but the surface roughness is dependent on the rubbing condition. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy has been used to characterize the chemistry of these films, and the intensity of the phosphorus K-edge was also used to monitor their thickness. The thickness of these films is in the range of 10-90 nm depending on the running conditions. Phosphorus L-edge spectra show that these films have a similar chemical nature with variable polyphosphate chain-lengths. 31P NMR was used to study the decomposition of ZDDP in the residual oils. The spectra show that the primary and secondary ZDDP react differently under the various conditions. The tribological characteristics of these AW films were probed by measuring the coefficients of friction (l) and the wear scar width (WSW) of the counter faces. l is highly related to the applied load and the results of WSW measurements show that the wear performance is related to all the tested parameters, temperature, load and rubbing time.

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“…Experimentally, various surface analysis techniques have been used for the characterization of these tribofilms: e.g., Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) [11,12], X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) [13][14][15] and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy in both area averaging and imaging modes [16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Steel Hardness on the Performance of ZDDP Antiwear Films: A Multi-Technique Approach

Pereira

Kasrai

et al. 2008

Tribol Lett

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X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analysis has been used to characterize the chemistry of antiwear films formed in a mineral base oil containing a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) additive. These films were formed by rubbing the AISI 1095 steel samples under a reciprocating boundary contact. The steel samples were tempered to produce different Vickers hardness values. The phosphorus L-edge XANES spectra show that these films differ slightly in their chemical nature, with longer chain polyphosphates being formed on samples with higher hardness value. The surface morphology of the films was investigated using Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the film thickness was probed by Focussed ion beam and Scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) techniques. Furthermore, the nanomechanical properties of these antiwear films were investigated by nanoindentation methods. Tribological measurements of the coefficient of friction (l) and wear scar width (WSW) indicate that the poorest antiwear film was formed on the softest substrate, which exhibited the largest WSW and the highest average l. FIB/ SEM images show that the thicknesses of the antiwear pads and the degree of damage on the substrates both change with the hardness value of the samples.

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Interaction of ZDDP with Borated Dispersant Using XANES and XPS

Cited by 50 publications

References 22 publications

Study of interaction of EP and AW additives with dispersants using XANES

Study of interaction of EP and AW additives with dispersants using XANES

Studies on ZDDP Anti-Wear Films Formed Under Different Conditions by XANES Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and 31P NMR

The Effect of Steel Hardness on the Performance of ZDDP Antiwear Films: A Multi-Technique Approach

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