Interaction of White Bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>L.) Cultivars, Row Spacing, and Seeding Density with Annual Weeds

Malik, Vikram; Swanton, Clarence J.; Michaels, Thomas E.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500057593

Cited by 106 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…While increased crop density almost always results in reduced weed growth, most studies do not find large enough effects to justify significant increases in crop density in the field. With very few exceptions (Malik, Swanton & Michaels 1993), decreased row spacing results in only a modest reduction in weed biomass and weed losses. This could be because (i) decreased row spacing alone does not represent a large enough increase in spatial uniformity, or (ii) the crop did not have a sufficient initial size advantage, or (iii) competition was not very size‐asymmetric.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suppression of weeds by spring wheat Triticumaestivum increases with crop density and spatial uniformity

Weiner

Griepentrog²,

Kristensen³

2001

Journal of Applied Ecology

248

241

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Summary1. Recent advances in our understanding of the advantage of initial size in competition among individual plants (size-asymmetric competition) suggest that the potential for many crops to suppress weeds is much greater than generally appreciated. We hypothesize that this potential can be realized if: (i) the crop density is increased significantly and (ii) the crop is regularly (uniformly) distributed in two-dimensional space rather than sown in traditional rows. 2. We tested these hypotheses by sowing four varieties of spring wheat Triticum aestivum at three densities (200, 400 and 600 m -2 ) and in two spatial patterns (normal rows and a uniform grid pattern) in the presence of high weed pressure. 3. There were strong and significant effects of both crop density and spatial distribution on weed growth. Weed biomass decreased with crop density and was 30% lower in the grid pattern. 4. There was a negative linear relationship between above-ground weed biomass in early July and crop yield at harvest, so weed suppression translated directly into yield. The treatment with high crop density and the grid sowing pattern contained 60% less weed biomass and produced 60% higher yield than the treatment closest to normal sowing practices (crops sown in rows at 400 m -2 ). 5. The results were similar when the experiment was repeated in the following year, even though weed abundance was lower and the weed community was very different. There was 30% less weed biomass and 9% higher yield when the crop was sown in a grid pattern. 6. While weed biomass decreased monotonically with density for all varieties, a significant variety-density interaction suggested that the attributes resulting in good weed suppression at high crop density may not be the same as those most advantageous at low crop density. 7. A more crowded, uniform, distribution of some crops could contribute to a strategy to reduce the use of herbicides and energy-intensive forms of weed control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1990; Koscelny et al . 1991; Forcella, Westgate & Warnes 1992; Malik, Swanton & Michaels 1993; Mohler 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of weeds by spring wheat Triticumaestivum increases with crop density and spatial uniformity

Weiner

Griepentrog²,

Kristensen³

2001

Journal of Applied Ecology

248

241

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“…The spatial distribution of the crop can also influence weed biomass production. Narrower row spacing usually results in a modest decrease in weed biomass (Malik et al . 1993; Murphy et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spatial distribution of the crop can also influence weed biomass production. Narrower row spacing usually results in a modest decrease in weed biomass (Malik et al 1993;Murphy et al 1996) and an increase in yield (Solie et al 1991). Fischer and Miles (1973) modeled a plant's exploitation of resources in two dimensions as an expanding circle, centered at the point of seedling emergence.…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of sowing density and spatial pattern of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) on the suppression of different weed species

Olsen

Kristensen

Weiner³

2006

Weed Biology and Management

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To better understand the potential for improving weed management in cereal crops with increased crop density and spatial uniformity, we conducted field experiments over two years with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) and four weed species: lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), white mustard (Sinapis alba), and chickweed (Stellaria media). The crops were sown at three densities (204, 449, and 721 seeds m −2 ) and in two spatial patterns (normal rows and a highly uniform pattern), and the weeds were sown in a random pattern at a high density. In most cases, the sown weeds dominated the weed community but, in other cases, naturally occurring weeds were also important. There were strong and significant effects regarding the weed species sown, the crop density, and the spatial distribution on the weed biomass in both years. The weed biomass decreased with increased crop density in 29 out of 30 cases. On average, the weed biomass was lower and the grain yield was higher in the uniform compared to the row pattern in both 2001 and 2002. Despite the differences in weed biomass, the responses of L. multiflorum, S. media, and C. album populations to crop density and spatial uniformity were very similar, as were their effects on the grain yield. Sinapis alba was by far the strongest competitor and it responded somewhat differently. Our results suggest that a combination of increased crop density and a more uniform spatial pattern can contribute to a reduction in weed biomass and yield loss, but the effects are smaller if the weeds are taller than the crop when crop-weed competition becomes intense.

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“…Ontario, as the largest white bean producer in Canada, produced 77% of Canadian white bean in 2014 (Statistics Canada 2015). White bean is susceptible to weed interference with 77, 58, 81, and 68% white bean yield loss due to weed interference in studies conducted by Malik et al (1993), Chikoye et al (1995), and Soltani et al (2014b and2014c), respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

Halosulfuron Tank-Mixes Applied PRE in White Bean

Acker

Robinson

et al. 2016

Weed technol.

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White bean tolerance and weed control were examined by applying halosulfuron alone or in combination with pendimethalin, dimethenamid-P, orS-metolachlor applied PRE. All herbicides applied alone or in combination caused less than 3% visible injury 1 and 4 wk after emergence (WAE). Halosulfuron applied PRE provided greater than 95% control of common lambsquarters, wild mustard, redroot pigweed, and common ragweed and less than 55% control of green foxtail at 4 and 8 WAE. Weed density and dry weight at 8 WAE paralleled the control ratings. Dry bean yields in halosulfuron plus a soil applied grass herbicide did not differ compared to the weed-free control. Green foxtail competition with halosulfuron PRE applied alone resulted in reduced white bean yield compared to the weed-free control.

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Interaction of White Bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) Cultivars, Row Spacing, and Seeding Density with Annual Weeds

Cited by 106 publications

References 18 publications

Suppression of weeds by spring wheat Triticumaestivum increases with crop density and spatial uniformity

Suppression of weeds by spring wheat Triticumaestivum increases with crop density and spatial uniformity

Influence of sowing density and spatial pattern of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) on the suppression of different weed species

Halosulfuron Tank-Mixes Applied PRE in White Bean

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