Interaction of the high energy deuterons with the graphite target in the plasma focus devices based on Lee model

Abstract

Numerical experiments are systematically carried out using the Lee model code extended to compute the ion beams on various plasma focus devices operated with Deuterium gas. The deuteron beam properties of the plasma focus are studied for low and high energy plasma focus device. The energy spectral distribution for deuteron ions ejected from the pinch plasma is calculated and the ion numbers with energy around 1 MeV is then determined. The deuteron-graphite target interaction is studied for different conditions. The yield of the reaction 12 C(d,n) 13 N and the induced radioactivity for one and multi shots plasma focus devices in the graphite solid target is investigated. Our results present the optimized high energy repetitive plasma focus devices as an alternative to accelerators for the production of 13 N short lived radioisotopes. However, technical challenges await solutions on two fronts: (a) operation of plasma focus machines at high rep rates for a sufficient period of time (b) design of durable targets that can take the thermal load. V

High efficiency focus neutron generator

“…Eventually utilizing given ideas and methods in this paper, simply it is possible to obtain 1.1×10 9 and 1.1×10 11 neutrons per second by D-D and D-T reactions, respectively in the ENEA device with 1 Hz working frequency. Also 1.34×10 10 and 1.34×10 13 neutrons per second are produced by D-D and D-T reactions, respectively in the NX2 device with 16 Hz working frequency. By taking into account the sizes and energy of these devices, they are prepared to use as the efficient neutron generators.…”

Comparison of Measured Soft X-Ray Yield Versus Pressure for NX1 and NX2 Plasma Focus Devices Against Computed Values Using Lee Model Code

“…Lee et al [61][62][63] have published various works with laboratory measurements from the NX2, including information and a typical current waveform on soft X-ray yield at a typical pressure of 4 mbar (i.e. 3 torr) with 5 cm anode operated at 11.5 kV and also with pressure 2.6 torr with 5 cm anode operated with 11 kV [35].…”

“…The code has been used to develop scaling laws for soft X-rays [36,[57][58][59][60] and bench-mark numbers and scaling trends for ion beam flux, ion beam fluence, beam ion number, ion beam current, power flow density, and damage factor for all gases [61,62]. Application of ion beam calculations to production of short-lived radioisotopes were made by Akel et al [63]. The description, theory, code and a board range of results of this 'Universal Plasma Focus Laboratory Facility' are accessible for download from [54].…”

Effect of Atomic Number on Plasma Pinch Properties and Radiative Emissions

“…The study of the dynamics of the plasma focus covered the formation and acceleration of the plasma layer inside the device [3] and the factors affecting such as the sheath current [4], pinch current [5], length of the insulator used to separate the anode and the cathode, the type of gas used within the device [6,7], the parameters of the capacitor bank [8] and electrode engineering, and ion beam properties produced in dense plasma focus devices using various gases [9]. Due to the collapse of the plasma pinch after a short period of time (several ns) of its formation and emitting ions and electrons in opposite directions, many studies have been conducted that dealt with the possibility of benefiting from the emitted particle beams such as lithography [10,11] and short-lived radioisotope produc-tion [12][13][14][15] thin film deposition [16,17]. The soft X-ray emission from dense plasma focus is according to two mechanisms: linear radiation and continuum radiation (recombination and Bremsstrahlung radiation) [18][19][20].…”