Interaction of T-2 Toxin with Salmonella Infections of Chickens ,

Boonchuvit, Boonbungearn; Hamilton, P. B.; Burmeister, H. R.

doi:10.3382/ps.0541693

Cited by 67 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Nivalenol has often been found in cereals together with other mycotoxins, especially the trichothecenes deoxynivalenol, HT-2 and T-2 toxin (Pettersson, 1993). Furthermore, environmental disturbances or feed deficiencies can raise the sensitivity (Ueno, 1993) and several trichothecenes have been shown to negatively affect the immune system of chickens (Wyatt et al, 1973;Boonchuvit et al, 1975;Richard et al, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of Feeding Nivalenol-Contaminated Diets to Male Broiler Chickens

et al. 1995

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In two feeding trials the effect of nivalenol (NIV) on male broiler chickens was studied. A commercial starter diet was provided for ad libitum consumption throughout the whole experiment. The NIV was added to the feed when the birds were 7 d old. Growth and feed consumption were thereafter registered every 5th d during 20 d. In the first trial birds were offered feed containing 0, .5, 2.5, or 5 ppm NIV. The only variable that significantly differed from the control was the concentration of uric acid in plasma, which was increased by 94 and 66%, respectively, in treatment groups 2.5 and 5 ppm. In the second trial, NIV-concentrations of 0, 3, 6, and 12 ppm were used. The weight gain for the 20-d period was decreased by 11% with 6 and 12 ppm. During this period these birds showed a decrease of about 6% in feed consumption and feed conversion efficiency. Gizzard erosions were found in 33% of the birds fed 12 ppm NIV and in 8% of those fed 3 or 6 ppm. No such erosions were found in the control birds. Relatively, the liver weights in the 12 ppm group were reduced more than total body weights. No effects on relative organ weights were found when bursa, spleen, and gizzard were compared to control. In the blood, no change compared to control was found in hematocrit or in the plasma concentration of glucose, calcium, cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid, or in the plasma activity of aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, or gamma glutamyl transpeptidase.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of Feeding Nivalenol-Contaminated Diets to Male Broiler Chickens

et al. 1995

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“…Among these toxins are the tricothecenes, including the T-2 toxin. This toxin has been reported to cause lymphoid depletion of both primary and secondary lymphoid organs of the chicken (Wyatt et al, 1973) and to reduce resistance to Salmonella in chickens (Boonchuvit et al, 1975).…”

Section: Environmental Contaminants and Immunosuppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment-Immune Interactions

1994

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The need for effective immune function for the maintenance of health has been clearly established in both agriculturally significant animal species and humans. Intensive agricultural practices present production species with numerous disease challenges during the rearing period. Environmental factors represent a ubiquitous, yet frequently manageable, category of immunomodulators that can influence immune performance and ultimately disease susceptibility or resistance. However, strategies for assessing overall immune potential have not been widely implemented for agricultural species. This is in contrast to the use of immune evaluation for human health considerations. Immune assessment relative to environmental-immune interactions can produce benefits in two areas. First, the efficiency of the production operation can be enhanced. Second, the welfare of the animals during the production cycle can be optimized. This paper presents an overview of environmental factors known to influence the immune function of poultry and the opportunities to manage environmental factors to benefit the health of the animals. In addition, the paper discusses the status of immunological assessment for humans and laboratory animals and proposes potential immune assessment panels that could serve as a tool to optimize the environmental management of poultry populations.

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“…In a comprehensive review, Danicke [49] concluded that broiler performance is afected at dietary concentrations of 3-4 mg/kg of T-2 toxin, whereas ducks were afected when the dietary concentration was as low as 0.4 mg/kg. T2 toxin was found to decrease the immune response, represented by the decrease of lymphoid cells in the bone marrow, thymus and spleen causing resistance to infectious diseases including salmonellosis and Escherichia coli and cause resistance to treatments of these diseases in poultry [50]. In broilers, T-2 toxin may cause a decrease in body weight and relative weights of bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen, enlarged liver, friable, and yellowish discoloration with distended gall bladder during Mycoplasma gallisepticum infections.…”

Section: Trichothecenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins in Poultry

Filazı¹,

Yurdakök-Dikmen²,

Kuzukiran³

et al. 2017

Poultry Science

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Mycotoxins, the toxic secondary metabolites of fungi, particularly produced by many species of Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium, have afected animal and human health for over thousand years, whereas litle has been discovered so far about these complex substances in poultry, which are generally very sensitive. Even though it varies by species and sex, some common efects are reduced feed intake, weight gain, feed eiciency, growth performance, immunity and hatchability along with increased mortality, organ damages (mainly kidney and liver), carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and decreased egg production. Besides their adverse health efects and the decrease in production rate, concerns over their importance in public health is still under debate. Decontamination approaches to reduce mycotoxins in feed are technologically diverse and based on chemical, biological and physical strategies. Chemical remediation strategies involve the conversion of mycotoxins via chemical reactions. Biological strategies involve various substances such as plant ingredients, enzymes and microorganisms. Physical processes include sorting, milling, dehulling, cleaning, heating, irradiation or combinational approaches. New strategies for the prevention and treatment of mycotoxicosis, including beneicial microorganisms/products, along with alternative treatments, including plant extracts/essential oils, are current hot topics in the poultry industry.

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Interaction of T-2 Toxin with Salmonella Infections of Chickens ,

Cited by 67 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of Feeding Nivalenol-Contaminated Diets to Male Broiler Chickens

Effects of Feeding Nivalenol-Contaminated Diets to Male Broiler Chickens

Environment-Immune Interactions

Mycotoxins in Poultry

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