Interaction of Surface Water and Groundwater Influenced by Groundwater Over-Extraction, Waste Water Discharge and Water Transfer in Xiong’an New Area, China

Abstract

Understanding the interaction of surface water and groundwater affected by anthropogenic activities is of great importance for water resource and water quality management. The Xiong’an New Area, located in the North China Plain, has been designated a new building area by China’s government. Groundwater has been over pumped and artificial water was transferred to meet the water supply in this region. Therefore, the natural interaction of surface water and groundwater has been greatly changed and there has been a complex impact of the groundwater from anthropogenic activities. In this study, we used water chemical ions and stable isotopes of δ2H and δ18O to assess the interaction of surface water and groundwater in the Xiong’an New Area. We carried out field surveys and water sampling of the Fu River (domestic waste water discharge), Lake Baiyangdian (artificial water transfer), and the underlying groundwater along the water bodies. Results show that the artificial surface water (discharged and transferred) became the major recharge source for the local groundwater due to the decline of groundwater table. We used groundwater table observations, end-member mixing analysis of the stable isotopic composition and chloride tracers to estimate the contributions of different recharge sources to the local groundwater. Due to the over pumping of groundwater, the lateral groundwater recharge was dominant with a contribution ratio ranging from 12% to 78% in the upper reach of the river (Sections 1–3). However, the contribution of lateral groundwater recharge was estimated to be negligible with respect to the artificial water recharge from Lake Baiyangdian. Seepage from the Fu River contributed a significant amount of water to the connecting aquifer, with a contribution ranging from 14% to 75% along the river. The extent of the river influence into the aquifer ranges as far as 1400 m to the south and 400 m to the north of the Fu River. Estimations based on isotopic fractionation shows that about 25% of Lake Baiyangdian water was lost by evaporation. By using the stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in the lake water, an influencing range of 16 km west of the lake was determined. The interaction of the surface water and groundwater is completely changed by anthropogenic activities, such as groundwater over pumping, waste water discharge and water transfer. The switched interaction of surface water and groundwater has a significant implication on water resources management.

Identifying Groundwater and River Water Interconnections Using Hydrochemistry, Stable Isotopes, and Statistical Methods in Hanumante River, Kathmandu Valley, Central Nepal

“…R is defined as D/H or 18 O/ 16 O in sampled water (R sample ) and standard mean ocean water (R standard ).…”

“…Groundwater and river water from the wet season of Ca-HCO 3 type thus represents recent rainfall infiltration or runoff as a major contributing source for groundwater recharge and river discharge. Changes in river water type during the dry season reflect the presence of different water sources for river discharge, including direct discharge of untreated sewage from municipal and industrial sources [16].…”

“…Increased sewage load into the rivers running through the urbanized cities can transfer toxic contamination to surrounding shallow groundwater in influent reaches. The decline of water table in a nearby shallow aquifer due to over-extraction can increase groundwater recharge from polluted river water [15,16]. The anthropogenic activities driven by increased urbanization and population growth affect river water quality, which adversely reflects on nearby groundwater quality.…”

Water Level Prediction of Emergency Groundwater Source and Its Impact on the Surrounding Environment in Nantong City, China

“…Only a few researchers have explored the environmental impact of groundwater exploitation. The research on water level prediction and environmental impact during the operation period of the groundwater emergency source area is not enough [44][45][46]. Taking the emergency groundwater source in Nantong as an example, the purpose of this paper is to predict the dynamic changes of the groundwater level and evaluate the impact on the surrounding environment.…”

Anthropogenic Effects on Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes of River Water in Cities

“…In addition, stable isotope analyses provide important information to water managers within large cities and the spatial and vertical understanding of the isotopes in water supplying urban systems can be used as a management tool to provide information on the origins and evaporative history of urban water supplies [19,20]. In urban areas, stable isotope research is also increasingly concerned with the impact of human activities [21,22].…”