Interaction of rare-earth oxides with binary molten mixtures of zirconium and alkali metal fluorides

Pshenichny, R. N.; Омельчук, А. А.

doi:10.1134/s0036023612010160

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, the solubility of Nd 2 O 3 was found to be slightly changed by the addition of MgF 2 into NdF 3 -LiF melts . Moreover, the solubility of REOs in alkali metal fluoride, AF-ZrF 4 , binary molten salts was found to decrease with increasing the Ln 3+ ion radii ( r Ho 3+ < r Sm 3+ < r La 3+ ) and with increasing the alkali metal cation radii ( r Li + < r Na + < r K + ) . Their conclusion was consistent with the observation from Bratland…”

Section: Solubility Of Reos In Molten Fluoridessupporting

confidence: 87%

“…11 Moreover, the solubility of REOs in alkali metal fluoride, AF-ZrF 4 , binary molten salts was found to decrease with increasing the Ln 3+ ion radii (r Ho 3+ < r Sm 3+ < r La 3+ ) and with increasing the alkali metal cation radii (r Li + < r Na + < r K + ). 12 Their conclusion was consistent with the observation from Bratland. 8 In the meantime, researchers have been making efforts to figure out the interaction between REOs and fluorides to reveal the dissolution mechanisms.…”

Section: Solubility Of Reos In Molten Fluoridessupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The expression describes the thermodynamics of the dissolution of REO in a molten fluoride salt. For a solid REO molecule to dissolve into the melt, it follows the following principle steps , Dissociation of REO long-range ordered crystal lattice or structure (from solid to metastable state). This process can be considered as the fusion of REO and is mainly determined by the physiochemical properties of the oxide. REO forms new short-range ordered lattice (from metastable state to liquid).…”

Section: Model For Reo Solubility In Molten Fluoridesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Semiempirical Model for the Solubility of Rare Earth Oxides in Molten Fluorides

Guo

Sun

Sietsma

et al. 2016

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The importance of recycling and producing rare earth (RE) materials has been highlighted by the critical raw materials study in the European Union (EU). Oxide-fluoride electrolysis is one of the dominant technologies to produce rare earth metals (REMs) or alloys. The solubility of rare earth oxides (REOs) is one of the critical issues during this process. In this research, a model is developed to predict the REO solubility in molten fluorides, based on the systematic analysis of different influential factors and fundamental understanding of the dissolution reactions. The average relative deviation of the model from the experimental data extracted from the literature is 8% for Nd 2 O 3 and 7% for Y 2 O 3 , respectively, which is well within the experimental uncertainty. The fitting parameters can indicate the influence of different composition quantitatively. It is also found that the solubility is correlated with the ion charge density of the cations in the molten salts.

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Section: Solubility Of Reos In Molten Fluoridessupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Solubility Of Reos In Molten Fluoridessupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Model For Reo Solubility In Molten Fluoridesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Semiempirical Model for the Solubility of Rare Earth Oxides in Molten Fluorides

Guo

Sun

Sietsma

et al. 2016

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…As a result, an insoluble solid oxide phase which is the undesirable form in melts, spoils the neutron balance in the reactor, and even further cause a local increase in radioactivity. [9] In order to predict the behavior of molten fluoride and oxyfluoride, the local structure of the melts, which is related to their physical and chemical properties, should be studied. [10] And this work also has great guiding significance for studying the behavior of the fission products (FPs) fluoride, which are generated from fuel salts in the operation of the molten salt reactor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ high temperature Raman and DFT analysis of cerium fluoride and oxyfluoride structures in molten FLiNaK

Cui

Wang

2021

J Raman Spectroscopy

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In order to investigate the species in the FLiNaK-CeF 3 and FLiNaK-CeF 3 -Li 2 O melts, in situ high temperature Raman spectroscopy was used with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculation. In molten FLiNaK, the CeF 6 3− octahedra affected by alkali cations were identified to be the predominan species. Binuclear cerium oxyfluoride anions Ce 2 OF 8 4− and Ce 2 OF 10 6− were formed after adding O 2− into the molten FLiNaK-CeF 3 (20 mol%) mixtures. Both of these two species were predicted to have Ce−O−Ce geometries with two CeF 4 /CeF 5 moieties bridged by a single oxygen atom.

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“…In recent years, the solubility of REO in fluoride melts was widely researched [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. It was found that the solubility was relatively low and the melts with high temperature and strong corrosiveness so that there were difficulties for accurate measuring the concentration of REO in fluoride melts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical titration method for Determination of Concentration of REO in Rare Earth Fluoride Melts

Zhu¹,

Sun²,

Liu³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Material Science, Energy and Environmental Engineering (MSEEE 2017)

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Abstract. In the present study, chemical titration method for determination of concentration of REO in REF 3 -LiF-RE 2 O 3 melts was investigated. The melts with the composition of 40mol%REF 3 -60mol%LiF (RE=La and Nd) was taken as object for illustrating the measurement of concentration and solubility of REO by the chemical titration method. Then the changing of REO concentration in 40mol%REF 3 -60mol%LiF melts with electrolytic time in practical electrolysis production was studied. The concentration of REO decreases with the electrolytic time, and rate of the decreasing also declines with the electrolytic time. And the reasonable time interval for REO addition was recommended defining as 1.75 h which is very close to the empirical value 2 h, This would also illustrate the reliability of chemical titration method on determination of concentration of REO in the melts.

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Interaction of rare-earth oxides with binary molten mixtures of zirconium and alkali metal fluorides

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Semiempirical Model for the Solubility of Rare Earth Oxides in Molten Fluorides

Semiempirical Model for the Solubility of Rare Earth Oxides in Molten Fluorides

In situ high temperature Raman and DFT analysis of cerium fluoride and oxyfluoride structures in molten FLiNaK

Chemical titration method for Determination of Concentration of REO in Rare Earth Fluoride Melts

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