Interaction of particles and a moving ice-liquid interface

Körber, Ch.; Rau, G.; Cosman, Maury D.; Cravalho, E.G.

doi:10.1016/0022-0248(85)90217-9

Cited by 185 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Thus, the particle will be engulfed and trapped, if the energy of the newly formed particlesolid surface is smaller than the sum of the energies of the particle-liquid and the solid-liquid surfaces that disappear from the system; otherwise, the particle remains in the liquid (Körber et al 1985;Asthana & Tewari 1993). In the liquid phase, a particle with radius r experiences a repulsive force owing to molecular van der Waals interactions at the solid-liquid interface…”

Section: (A) Particle Trapping and Rejectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomaterials by freeze casting

Wegst

Schecter

Donius

et al. 2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

306

254

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The functional requirements for synthetic tissue substitutes appear deceptively simple: they should provide a porous matrix with interconnecting porosity and surface properties that promote rapid tissue ingrowth; at the same time, they should possess sufficient stiffness, strength and toughness to prevent crushing under physiological loads until full integration and healing are reached. Despite extensive efforts and first encouraging results, current biomaterials for tissue regeneration tend to suffer common limitations: insufficient tissue-material interaction and an inherent lack of strength and toughness associated with porosity. The challenge persists to synthesize materials that mimic both structure and mechanical performance of the natural tissue and permit strong tissue-implant interfaces to be formed. In the case of bone substitute materials, for example, the goal is to engineer high-performance composites with effective properties that, similar to natural mineralized tissue, exceed by orders of magnitude the properties of its constituents. It is still difficult with current technology to emulate in synthetic biomaterials multi-level hierarchical composite structures that are thought to be the origin of the observed mechanical property amplification in biological materials. Freeze casting permits to manufacture such complex, hybrid materials through excellent control of structural and mechanical properties. As a processing technique for the manufacture of biomaterials, freeze casting therefore has great promise.

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Section: (A) Particle Trapping and Rejectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The term in brackets with exponent n is a correction to the repulsive forces that act on the particle; values for n typically range from 1 to 4 (Uhlmann et al 1964;Körber et al 1985;Zhang et al 2005). Neglecting this correction by assuming n = 1, the repulsive force acting on the particle becomes…”

Section: (A) Particle Trapping and Rejectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomaterials by freeze casting

Wegst

Schecter

Donius

et al. 2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

306

254

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“…A best-"t line is shown running through each of the data sets. The di!erent symbols correspond to the following particle materials in water: (a) copper with G+10 K m\ [19], the best-"t line has a slope of !0.9; (b) copper with G+10 K m\ [19], slope !1.2; (c) tungsten with G+10 K m\ [19], slope !0.4; (d) latex with G+10 K m\ [20], slope !1.0; (e) latex with G+4; 10 K m\ [21], slope !0.6; (f) latex with G+1.8; 10 K m\ [22], slope !0.9; (g) nylon with G+200 K m\ [23], slope !1.1. The upward pointing triangles correspond to polystyrene particles in a succinonitrile melt with G+10 K m\ and a slope of !1.0 [24].…”

Section: Particle Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dependence of the critical velocity on the temperature gradient. Data set a is for 5.7 m radius latex particles [20]; the best-"t solid line through the data has a slope of 0.5. Data set b is for 7 m radius latex particles [22]; the best-"t dashed line has a slope of 0.35. the plane of the undeformed interface.…”

Section: Particle Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction between a particle and an advancing solidification front

Rempel

Worster

1999

Journal of Crystal Growth

142

172

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We derive analytical expressions for the velocity of an insoluble particle near an advancing solidi"cation front when the intermolecular interactions are described by a power-law dependence between the "lm thickness and the undercooling. We predict that the maximum particle velocity, which corresponds to the lowest solidi"cation velocity at which particle trapping occurs, depends inversely on the particle radius. The critical velocity is less sensitive to the temperature gradient and the precise dependence changes with di!erent interaction types. When the critical velocity is exceeded, the particle becomes trapped within the solid region after being pushed slightly ahead of its initial position. The predicted particle displacement is typically only a fraction of the particle radius. Particle buoyancy can enhance or reduce the tendency for the particle to be captured, though it does not a!ect the parametric dependence of the critical velocity on the particle radius and the temperature gradient.

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“…[39] The thermodynamics of freeze casting showing conditions for the particle rejection or entrapment have been described by Wegst et al [27] and Deville et al [41] The critical ice velocity for particle entrapment is inversely proportional to the particle radius. [42] Thus, repelling small particles from the ice front is easier than repelling larger ones. Slurry preparation for freeze casting is critical.…”

Section: Freeze Casting For Assembling Different Building Blocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freeze Casting for Assembling Bioinspired Structural Materials

2017

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Nature is very successful in designing strong and tough, lightweight materials. Examples include seashells, bone, teeth, fish scales, wood, bamboo, silk, and many others. A distinctive feature of all these materials is that their properties are far superior to those of their constituent phases. Many of these natural materials are lamellar or layered in nature. With its “brick and mortar” structure, nacre is an example of a layered material that exhibits extraordinary physical properties. Finding inspiration in living organisms to create bioinspired materials is the subject of intensive research. Several processing techniques have been proposed to design materials mimicking natural materials, such as layer‐by‐layer deposition, self‐assembly, electrophoretic deposition, hydrogel casting, doctor blading, and many others. Freeze casting, also known as ice‐templating, is a technique that has received considerable attention in recent years to produce bioinspired bulk materials. Here, recent advances in the freeze‐casting technique are reviewed for fabricating lamellar scaffolds by assembling different dimensional building blocks, including nanoparticles, polymer chains, nanofibers, and nanosheets. These lamellar scaffolds are often infiltrated by a second phase, typically a soft polymer matrix, a hard ceramic matrix, or a metal matrix. The unique architecture of the resultant bioinspired structural materials displays excellent mechanical properties. The challenges of the current research in using the freeze‐casting technique to create materials large enough to be useful are also discussed, and the technique's promise for fabricating high‐performance nacre‐inspired structural materials in the future is reviewed.

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Interaction of particles and a moving ice-liquid interface

Cited by 185 publications

References 20 publications

Biomaterials by freeze casting

Biomaterials by freeze casting

The interaction between a particle and an advancing solidification front

Freeze Casting for Assembling Bioinspired Structural Materials

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