Interaction of p-synephrine with p-chloranil: experimental design and multiple response optimization

Abstract

In the current paper, and for the first time, spectrophotometry coupled with a set of factorial designs was executed as a new tool for investigating the interaction between p-synephrine (p-SY) and p-chloranil (p-CHL). Two types of complexes were observed as a result of this interaction. The first complex, an intermolecular charge transfer complex, was measured at 452 nm, while the second, an intramolecular charge transfer complex, was measured at 536 nm. A chemometric assisted screening and optimization of the absorbance at the two wavelengths was scrutinized. As a screening procedure, a 2-level full factorial design (2 k -FFD) was employed. Method variables, such as reaction temperature, heating time, reagent volume, and solvent type were considered and the response was measured at the individual wavelengths. With the help of Pareto analysis, and ANOVA testing (following a response transformation employing Box-Cox treatment), variables ascertained to be significant (p < 0.05) were selected.Significant factors were carefully adjusted, exploiting a response surface methodology (RSM) with a face-

Analytical Calibrations: Schemes, Manuals, and Metrological Deliberations

“…Another approach to perform LOF test is to find the probability, p-value. Having a p-value higher than 0.05 means that the lack of fit is not significant [29,30].…”

Factorial Design and Machine Learning Strategies: Impacts on Pharmaceutical Analysis

“…Yet, spectrophotometry might be an equivalent choice in the case being linked to an arithmetic backbone [16,[35][36][37][38][39]. Both single and multicomponent analyses (derivative spectrophotometry (DS)) can be readily linked to chemometry.…”

“…As shown in Figure 5 [39], contour lines are produced when points that have the same absorbance are connected. On the other hand, 3D surface plots (figure is not shown) provide a stronger idea on interactions compared to contour plots.…”

“…Conversely, concurrent optimization of two or more responses as a function of n variables is not that plausible. Different strategies are usually followed for this purpose; overlaid contour plots and global desirability function are among the commonly used approaches [39].…”

“…Direct application of spectrophotometric analysis is only possible if the selected wavelength is not affected by another concomitant analyte. As an approach, application of spectrophotometry entails a study of a variety of factors affecting a single response or multiple responses [37][38][39].…”