“…11,12 Experimental, computational, and theoretical studies suggest that the NP-lipid interaction at the membrane can compromise the structure and function of both artificial and biological membranes. 1,[12][13][14][15][16] NPs and their agglomerates can be adsorbed onto the membrane and cause its structural reorganization, [13][14][15][16] leading to changes in membrane curvature, [17][18][19] particle internalization, 20 and pore and hole formation. 21,22 The interactions between lipid bilayers and solid surfaces are complex and can involve van der Waals, electrostatic, hydration, hydrophobic, or protrusion forces.…”