Interaction of growth hormone with androgen/estrogen on beef carcass characteristics, and chemical, physical and palatability properties of longissimus muscle of steers

Abstract

TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS viii GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Dissertation Organization 3 GENERAL REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4 Methods to Measure Meat Tenderness 4 Sensory evaluation Mechanical method Myofibril fi*agmentation index Marbling 11 Collagen 13 Water-holding capacity pH Fiber T3T)es Classification of fiber types Physiological and biochemical characteristics Muscle fiber and meat quaUty 21 Factors affecting fiber size, number, and distribution 23 Histochemistry The effect of growth promoters on muscle fiber type Bovine Somatotropin (Growth Hormone) Effect of somatotropin on adipose tissue Effect of bST on muscle growth Effect of bST on growth performance Effect of bST on carcass characteristics 31 Effect of somatotropin on meat quality Anabolic Implants Estrogenic anabolic implant Androgenic anabolic implants Combination of androgen and estrogen Effect of anabolic implants on growth performance Effect of anabolic Revalor implants on carcass composition 41 Effect of Revalor on meat quality iv