Interaction of genotype and diet on small intestine microbiota of Japanese quail fed a cholesterol enriched diet

Abstract

Our previous study has shown that genetic selection for susceptibility/resistance to diet-induced atherosclerosis has affected the Japanese quail’s cecal environment to accommodate distinctly different cecal microbiota. In this study, we fed the Atherosclerosis-resistant (RES) and -susceptable (SUS) quail a regular and a cholesterol enriched diet to examine the interaction of host genotype and diet on the diversity, composition, and metabolic functions of the duodenal and ileal microbiota with relations to atherosclerosis development. In the duodenal content, 9 OTUs (operational taxonomic units) were identified whose abundance had significant positive correlations with plasma total cholesterol, LDL level and/or LDL/HDL ratio. In the ileal content, 7 OTUs have significant correlation with plasma HDL. Cholesterol fed RES hosted significantly less Escherichia and unclassified Enterobacteriaceae (possibly pathogenic) in their duodenum than SUS fed the same diet. Dietary cholesterol significantly decreased the duodenal microbiome of SUS’s biosynthesis of Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone. Cholesterol fed RES had significantly more microbiome genes for Vitamin B6, selenocompound, taurine and hypotaurine, and Linoleic acid metabolism; Bisphenol degradation; primary bile acid, and butirosin and neomycin biosynthesis than SUS on the same diet. Microbiome in the ileum and ceca of RES contributed significantly towards the resistance to diet induced atherosclerosis.

The Gut Microbial Architecture of Efficiency Traits in the Domestic Poultry Model Species Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) Assessed by Mixed Linear Models

“…It might be that the large genera effect obtained from model (2) were dissected down to multiple marginal OTU effects underlying each genus. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were also one of the most abundant phyla in other studies ( Kumar et al , 2018 ; Liu et al , 2018 ; Shah et al , 2019 ; Su et al , 2014 ; Wilkinson et al , 2016 ). From these two phyla, four OTUs were associated with several traits ( Table 6 ).…”

“…Japanese quail are well-established model animals in domestic poultry studies because of their short generation interval, small body size, low space requirements, and good comparability to other poultry species ( Cheng et al , 2010 ; Kayang et al , 2004 ; Mills et al , 1997 ; Rodehutscord and Dieckmann 2005 ; Shibusawa et al , 2001 ; Stock and Bunch 1982 ). Only a few studies characterizing the GIT microbiota of Japanese quail were conducted ( Borda-Molina et al , 2020 ; Liu et al , 2015 ; 2018 ; Wilkinson et al , 2016 ; 2020 ). Compared to mammals, the avian GIT is shorter in relation to body size and digesta has a faster passage rate ( Wilkinson et al , 2016 ).…”

Effect of host breeds on gut microbiome and serum metabolome in meat rabbits

“…For example, gene expression of the host cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), oxysterol-7α-hydroxylase (CYP7B1), and sterol-27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) gene expressions can regulate the biosynthesis of gut microbial primary and secondary bile acid [ 46 ]. The metabolism of gut microbial vitamin B6 is modulated by different host genotypes [ 47 ].Additionally, the biosynthesis route of peptidoglycan provides essential substances that interact with host peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs), which play important roles in regulating metabolism and immune homeostasis [ 48 ]. These breed-associated differences in the functional profiles of the gut microbiome suggest the potential superiorities in manipulation of gut microbiome through selective breeding to promote the well-being and production performance of meat rabbits.…”

Metagenomic Analysis Identifies Sex-Related Cecal Microbial Gene Functions and Bacterial Taxa in the Quail

“…16S rRNA genes were analyzed to profile the cecal bacterial communities of chicken; these analyses showed that the male animals had high abundances of Bacteroides, whereas female animals were enriched with Clostridium and Shigella. Microbiome-wide association analyses in the ilea and ceca of Japanese quail have shown that several quantitative feed-related traits, including feed or nutrient efficiency, feed intake, body weight gain, feed per gain ratio, and phosphorus utilization were associated with microbiota features at both the bacterial genus and operational taxonomic unit levels as characterized by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). Beneficial groups of bacteria (i.e., probiotics) in the gut help balance the intestinal flora and improve the body's disease resistance via competitive inhibition of acid substance production.…”