Interaction of Dual Band Helical and Pifa Handset Antennas With Human Head and Hand

Abstract

Abstract-Helical antenna and planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) are two commonly used handset antennas. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the performance of a dual band PIFA and a dual band helical antenna designed for operating in GSM900 and DCS1800 frequency bands. Radiation patterns and VSWR of these antennas are computed in free space as well as in the presence of head and hand. The specific absorption rate (SAR) of the helical antenna is calculated and compared with that of the PIFA handset antenna. The peak average SAR in the head is compared with SAR limits in the safety standards and so the maximum radiation power of each antenna is determined. In addition, radiation efficiencies of these handset antennas are computed in the presence of head and hand. All numerical simulations are performed using the Ansoft HFSS software. Numerical simulations results are in good agreement with published measurement results.

Investigation of Dosimetry in Four Human Head Models for Planar Monopole Antenna with a Coupling Feed for LTE/WWAN/WLAN Internal Mobile Phone

“…The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is defined as the time derivative of the incremental energy (dW) dissipated in an incremental mass (dm) contained in a volume element (dV) of a given density (ρ) [19][20][21].…”

Design Analysis of Ferrite Sheet Attachment for Sar Reduction in Human Head

“…So there is a need to reduce an effort for reducing the spatial peak SAR in the design stage of phone model because the possibility of a spatial peak SAR exceeding the recommended exposure limit cannot be completely ruled out [2,3]. The interaction of the cellular handset with the human head has been investigated by many published papers with considering; first, the effect of the human head on the handset antenna performance, including the feed-point impedance, gain, and efficiency [4][5][6][7][8], second, the impact of the antenna EM radiation on the user's head due to the absorbed power, which is measured by predicting the induced SAR in the head tissue [7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

“…Various studies on this subject exist [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], most of which mainly delve into the consequences of mobile-phone usage. Yet, devices and communication terminals operating in other frequency bands have also gained substantial interest in the last 15 years.…”

VHF-Lb Vest Antenna

“…In order to verify that the antenna is not hazardous for human body we investigated the effects of antenna radiation on a human body Our studies concentrate on the evaluation of SAR [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Although the interaction between electromagnetic fields (EMF) and a human body has been of interest to the scientific community [23,24], the main concern was the effects of antennas on human head for cellular phone frequencies [25][26][27][28][29]. Thus to specify the acceptable levels of EMF absorption on human body some regulated standards were reviewed [30][31][32] and compared with simulations and measurements.…”