Interaction of copper and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol on bioremediation potential and biochemical properties in co-contaminated soil incubated with Clitocybe maxima

Abstract

The bioremediation of soil co-contaminated with heavy metal and organic pollutants has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Clitocybe maxima (C. maxima), a species of mushroom producing the ligninolytic enzyme, was introduced into this study to evaluate the interaction of copper and 2,4,5trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP) on the bioremediation potential and biochemical properties in cocontaminated soil by pot experiments. The results indicated that C. maxima could be considered as a candidate for the bioremediation of soil co-contaminated with copper and 2,4,5-TCP. Copper was accumulated in the fruiting body of C. maxima and showed a positive correlation with the initial copper concentration in the soil. A significant enhancement was found on the dissipation of 2,4,5-TCP incubated with C. maxima, and the removal ratios varied from 82.6 to 90.9% with the level of the co-contaminants, which were associated with the production of manganese peroxidase and dehydrogenase. Invertase, urease and dehydrogenase activities in rhizosphere declined, varying with the pollutants levels before the bioremediation, but recovered to a certain level after the bioremediation process, which demonstrated that the soil enzyme activity could be an accessible indicator for reflecting remediation effects.a Percentage of the control (%) ¼ growing days of fruiting body in treatment/growing days in control  100%. Two-way ANOVA was used to compare the interaction of copper and 2,4,5-TCP. nd: not determined as mushroom was not cultivated in several treatments or none of the fruiting body was harvested. b Interaction of copper and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol is signicant at 0.05 level on fruiting time.This journal is

Effects of amendments on heavy metal immobilization and uptake by Rhizoma chuanxiong on copper and cadmium contaminated soil

“…Soil samples were collected from each pot after R. chuanxiong was harvested to estimate soil enzyme activities and bacteria counts. The measurement of dehydrogenase was through a spectrophotometer as described by Zhou et al [ 25 ] with minor modifications by prolonging the reaction time to 48 h. Activities of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis, urease, acid phosphatase and invertase were assayed by the methods of Adam & Duncan [ 26 ], Yan [ 27 ], Alef & Nannipieri [ 28 ] and Gu [ 29 ], respectively. Dehydrogenase activity was determined spectrophotometrically at 492 nm and expressed as microgram triphenylformazan (TPF) per soil per hour.…”

Roles of saprotrophic fungi in biodegradation or transformation of organic and inorganic pollutants in co-contaminated sites

“…xenobiotics that can accumulate because of human industrial or agricultural activities (Brandl et al 2001;Srivastava and Thakur 2006;Cui and Zhang 2008;Sharaf and Alharbi 2013;Sharma and Malaviya 2016). It is common to find soils and wastewaters containing toxic elements along with pesticides, and herbicides but also mineral oils and petroleum derivatives, diesel oil, plastics, explosives, chlorinated solvents, and by-products and waste arising from human activities, such as electronic waste (Brandl et al 2001;Coulibaly et al 2003;Alisi et al 2009;Stenuit and Agathos 2010;Dewey et al 2012;Zhu et al 2012;Zhou et al 2015;Chirakkara et al 2016;Alvarez et al 2017). The presence of organic and inorganic pollutants can also occur in food, e.g.…”

Pyrene and Chrysene Tolerance and Biodegradation Capability of Pleurotus Sajor-Caju

“…Among the different organisms proposed in literature to be applied for bioremediation [5,6], white-rot fungi have recently captured the interest of several researchers because of their ability to degrade an extremely diverse range of very persistent or toxic environmental pollutants [7,8]. In particular, their degradation ability has been assessed under laboratory conditions for pesticides [9], chlorophenols [10], synthetic dyes [11,12], drugs [13], and PAHs [2, 14 -16]. The ability to degrade such complex compounds depends on the possibility to produce extracellular enzymes with low substrate specificity, such as lignin peroxidase, laccase, aryl-alcohol-oxidase and manganese peroxidase (cf [17] and reference herein) excreted by the mycelium to degrade lignocellulosic material.…”