Interaction of Closely Spaced Shallow Foundations on Sands and Clays: A review

Abstract

The evaluation of the static interaction of closely spaced footings and its influence in the overall bearing capacity and settlement on sand and clay soils is addressed in this review. The work is accomplished through a comprehensive look into all relevant literature regarding the interaction of sallow foundations, assessments are made, and conclusions are drawn which will ultimately be relevant to future endeavors associated with the design and the evaluation of closely spaced shallow foundations in terms of determining the optimal spacing between footings, enhancing bearing capacity, and controlling deformation. Furthermore, the work is divided to three major approaches: theoretical studies, experimental or field tests, and numerical analysis. Each have been discussed thoroughly in details, with indicating the shortcomings of previous studies and where each approach has reached. The result of this review has showed that nearly all previous research studies explored the effect of the interaction of closely spaced shallow foundations on the bearing capacity at the ultimate failure compared to the settlement behavior which is for some reason not addressed profoundly, even though it is more critical than bearing capacity. Additionally, current regulations and codes have not devoted a major effort toward addressing the influence of closely spaced shallow foundations appropriately, especially today, where the limitation of a site and the placing of footings close together in order to accommodate structural details are becoming a more common issue.

Finite Element Analysis of the Influence of Artificial Cementation on the Strength Parameters and Bearing Capacity of Sandy Soil under a Strip Footing

“…Strip footings, or strip foundations are an extremely helpful way of tackling the intercausal of isolated footings with small spaces between them. The main role of strip footing, which is classified as a shallow foundation, is to transmit the loads from column loads to the ground [9]. They are commonly employed in low to medium-rise building constructions [10].…”

Interference Effect of Closely Spaced Foundation Footing on Settlement Variation

“…In regard to soil types, the distance/ spacing between two adjacent foundations has a considerable infuence on their settlement and bearing capacity behavior. For several years, researchers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] have studied the interference efect and settlement of closely spaced footings of shallow foundations to avoid risk factors associated with foundation design spacing between footings leading to interference that causes the stress zones below the foundation, causing distraction of the building.…”

The comparison study of the monopole tower foundation using CPT and laboratory data in Gresik district, East Java-Indonesia

“…The foundation is a part of building construction that is tasked with laying the building and continuing the load of the upper structure (upper structure/supper structure) to the ground which is strong enough to support it [5]. For that purpose, the building foundation must be calculated to ensure the stability of the building against its load, useful loads, and external forces such as wind pressure, earthquakes, etc., and there should be no lowering of the local foundation or evenly distributed subsidence of the foundation, certain limit [6]. The foundation used in the monopole tower structure is the tread foundation.…”