Interaction of Candida parapsilosis isolates with human hair and nail surfaces revealed by scanning electron microscopy analysis

Oliveira, Marcelo Tempesta de; Specian, Ana Flávia Leal; Andrade, Carlos Rogério; França, Emanuele Júlio Galvão de; Furlaneto-Maia, Luciana; Furlaneto, Márcia Cristina

doi:10.1016/j.micron.2010.03.011

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Differently, on nail keratin pseudohyphae production was observed (Figure 1(b1)), a pattern that could indicate that this situation favours cellular morphologies with capacity for tissue invasion. This data extend our previous observation that different profiles of biofilm formation by C. parapsilosis occurred as function of the keratinous substrate [9].…”

Section: A F L Specian Et Alsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…For C. parapsilosis the colonized normal skin presumably serves as a reservoir of infection for the nails. Recently, we showed the capability of C. parapsilosis isolates exhibiting distinct phenotypes to grow as biofilm on human nail surfaces [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few studies have been undertaken to evaluate the adhesion ability of clinical strains of C. parapsilosis [9,[12][13][14]. Furthermore, the relationship between C. parapsilosis virulence and proteinase phenotype is still unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrastructural Analysis of in Vitro Adherence and Production of Acid Proteases by Clinical Isolates of <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> Sensu Stricto Following Growth in the Presence of Keratinous Substrates from Human Source

Specian¹,

Furlaneto-Maia

Andrade³

et al. 2013

AiM

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Candida parapsilosis is an increasingly important human pathogen. However, little is known about its potential to cause disease. The aims of the present study were to analyse the production of acid proteinases by clinical isolates of C. parapsilosis in the presence of different keratinous substrates from human sources (stratum corneum, nail and hair) and to verify the capability of yeast cells to adhere and grow as biofilm on these substrates. By scanning electron microscopy, it was observed that all C. parapsilosis sensu stricto isolates adhered to the keratinous substrates. For the isolate recovered from onychomycosis, the cell population attached to stratum corneum and hair keratin consisted mainly of blastoconidia. Differently, on nail keratin, pseudohyphae production was observed. Overall, there was a loose association between yeast cells and keratinous substrates. However, on stratum corneum, flocculent extracellular material was seen evolving cells from the onychomycosis isolate by forming a biofilm-like structure. The isolates recovered from onychomycosis and cutaneous lesion produced higher amount of acid proteinases in medium supplemented with nail keratin and stratum corneum keratin, respectively, than that in salt medium (absence of keratin). Furthermore, no differences were observed in the amount of acid proteinases produced by the isolate recovered from tracheal secretion in the media tested (absence and presence of keratin substrates). The information derived from this study will further our understanding of acid proteinase production by C. parapsilosis isolates and provide an insight into pathogenic mechanisms in C. parapsilosis particularly from isolates recovered from superficial mycoses.

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Section: A F L Specian Et Alsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrastructural Analysis of in Vitro Adherence and Production of Acid Proteases by Clinical Isolates of <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> Sensu Stricto Following Growth in the Presence of Keratinous Substrates from Human Source

Specian¹,

Furlaneto-Maia

Andrade³

et al. 2013

AiM

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“…Samples were then fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer for 2 h, washed with the same buffer, and post-fixed in osmium tetroxide. Dehydration was achieved by placing samples in a series of ethanol gradients [29,30]. Samples were dried and placed in a critical point dryer (Autosamdri-815 Series A) for 45 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a novel antibiofilm effect of nitric oxide-releasing aspirin (NCX-4040) on Candida albicans isolates from denture stomatitis patients

et al. 2017

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Candida albicans biofilms play a key role in denture stomatitis, one of the most common oral pathologies in elderly people. Because biofilms are highly resistant to antifungals, new pharmacological strategies are needed. Aspirin and nitric oxide-donor molecules have both shown antibiofilm effects on C. albicans, making them promising candidates for treatment. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal/antibiofilm effect of a nitric-oxide releasing aspirin (NO-ASA) on C. albicans isolates from denture stomatitis patients in vitro. Disk diffusion assays showed that while NO-ASA had no antifungal effect, the drug potentiated fluconazole inhibition zone diameters, increasing the effect of fluconazole by 20–30% (p<0.05). The effect of NO-ASA on the morphogenesis of C. albicans was evaluated using light microscopy after inducing hyphae formation. For all clinical strains assayed, 125 μM NO-ASA significantly decreased the number of filamentous cells present (p<0.01). Adhesion to abiotic surfaces, a critical event for biofilm formation, was evaluated in 96-well polystyrene plates using crystal violet assay; 125 μM NO-ASA significantly inhibited adhesion. Biofilms were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantified using XTT reduction assay. NO-ASA decreased biofilm formation (IC50 ranging from 300 μM to 700 μM), consistent with SEM findings of altered biofilm microarchitecture. PGE2 and carboxy-PTIO (an NO scavenger) both blocked the antibiofilm effects of NO-ASA, suggesting that the efficacy of NO-ASA may be associated with both inhibition of PGE2 synthesis and release of NO. NO-ASA is a promising novel antibiofilm agent for treating fluconazole-resistant strains of C. albicans.

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“…Samples of the tested strains were prepared as described (Oliveira et al 2010). Next, after fixation the samples were dehydrated twice for 10 min with graded ethanol 50% and 75%, respectively, followed by dehydration with acetone (twice for 30 s each).…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy (Sem) Morphology Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

The in vitro expression of SAP6 gene in Candida albicans morphogenesis mutants under human serum influence

Staniszewska¹,

Bondaryk²,

Malewski

et al. 2013

Biologia

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Candida albicans morphogenesis enables colonization of various niches in host body. Various hyphae-dependent genes have been described. Among them secreted aspartyl proteinases (Saps) play a central role in pathogenesis. Candida albicans SAP4-6 genes encode secretory aspartyl proteinases Sap4-6, which are involved in hyphae formation and virulence. Transcriptional factors Cph1 (STE-like transcription factor) and Efg1 (positive regulator of filamentous growth) govern the expression of several C. albicans genes and contribute to morphogenesis. Given that SAP4-6 expression is regulated during hyphal formation, in this study we investigated the degree of SAP6 expression in strains with deletion of EFG1 and/or CPH1 regulating morphological transition in comparison to clinical isolate. The SAP6 gene expression level was measured with the application of quantitative real-time PCR, after 18 h incubation in human serum at body temperature. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy was applied to characterize morphologies of the tested strains. The estimated SAP6 expression was considerably high in the ∆cph1/∆cph1 strain. Furthermore, introduction of the functional copy of CPH1 to this mutant resulted in upregulation of SAP6 expression. In the contrary, in the strains deleted for either EFG1 or both CPH1 and EFG1 factors, SAP6 expression was significantly altered. Reintroduction of one copy of EFG1 to ∆cph1/∆cph1 ∆efg1/∆efg1 restored hyphae formation, yet SAP6 expression remained altered in this strain. This might suggest that SAP6 is hyphae-independent and is not solely regulated by Efg1 but also by Cph1. Moreover, other transcriptional factors may regulate this gene expression under human serum influence.

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Interaction of Candida parapsilosis isolates with human hair and nail surfaces revealed by scanning electron microscopy analysis

Cited by 27 publications

References 32 publications

Ultrastructural Analysis of in Vitro Adherence and Production of Acid Proteases by Clinical Isolates of <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> Sensu Stricto Following Growth in the Presence of Keratinous Substrates from Human Source

Ultrastructural Analysis of in Vitro Adherence and Production of Acid Proteases by Clinical Isolates of <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> Sensu Stricto Following Growth in the Presence of Keratinous Substrates from Human Source

Characterization of a novel antibiofilm effect of nitric oxide-releasing aspirin (NCX-4040) on Candida albicans isolates from denture stomatitis patients

The in vitro expression of SAP6 gene in Candida albicans morphogenesis mutants under human serum influence

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Interaction of Candida parapsilosis isolates with human hair and nail surfaces revealed by scanning electron microscopy analysis

Cited by 27 publications

References 32 publications

Ultrastructural Analysis of in Vitro Adherence and Production of Acid Proteases by Clinical Isolates of &lt;i&gt;Candida parapsilosis&lt;/i&gt; Sensu Stricto Following Growth in the Presence of Keratinous Substrates from Human Source

Ultrastructural Analysis of in Vitro Adherence and Production of Acid Proteases by Clinical Isolates of &lt;i&gt;Candida parapsilosis&lt;/i&gt; Sensu Stricto Following Growth in the Presence of Keratinous Substrates from Human Source

Characterization of a novel antibiofilm effect of nitric oxide-releasing aspirin (NCX-4040) on Candida albicans isolates from denture stomatitis patients

The in vitro expression of SAP6 gene in Candida albicans morphogenesis mutants under human serum influence

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Ultrastructural Analysis of in Vitro Adherence and Production of Acid Proteases by Clinical Isolates of <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> Sensu Stricto Following Growth in the Presence of Keratinous Substrates from Human Source

Ultrastructural Analysis of in Vitro Adherence and Production of Acid Proteases by Clinical Isolates of <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> Sensu Stricto Following Growth in the Presence of Keratinous Substrates from Human Source