Interaction of body mass index and age in muscular activities among backpack carrying male schoolchildren

Adeyemi, Ademola James; Rohani, Jafri Mohd; Rani, Mat Rebi Abdul

doi:10.3233/wor-152102

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Overweight and obese children have larger body masses than lean children, but their muscle strength and endurance may be similar and/or even less developed (Thivel et al 2016). In these cases, the adoption of loading guidelines, expressed as percentages (varying from 5% to 20%), may prove to be problematic as the overweight child may not have the adequate muscle strength and endurance required to carry such a load, as compared to his or her age-matched peers (Adeyemi, Rohani & Rani 2015;De Paula et al 2012). This burden is further amplified when one takes the high prevalence of physical inactivity amongst children into account, resulting in poor musculoskeletal strength and endurance, and limited cardiopulmonary conditioning that cannot manage the load imposed by hefty school backpacks (Adeyemi et al 2015;De Paula et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these cases, the adoption of loading guidelines, expressed as percentages (varying from 5% to 20%), may prove to be problematic as the overweight child may not have the adequate muscle strength and endurance required to carry such a load, as compared to his or her age-matched peers (Adeyemi, Rohani & Rani 2015;De Paula et al 2012). This burden is further amplified when one takes the high prevalence of physical inactivity amongst children into account, resulting in poor musculoskeletal strength and endurance, and limited cardiopulmonary conditioning that cannot manage the load imposed by hefty school backpacks (Adeyemi et al 2015;De Paula et al 2012). Hammill et al (2017) recommended that the kinematic load carrying posture of children compared to their unloaded posture should be reviewed in order to provide biomechanical insights into determining safe loading guidelines; the present commentary is motivated by this recommendation (Hammill et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Altered cervical posture kinematics imposed by heavy school backpack loading: A literature synopsis (2009–2019)

Ellapen

Paul

Hammill

et al. 2020

African Journal of Disability

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15% relative to the child's body mass, whilst the American Academy of Pediatrics supports Voll and Klimt's (1977) 10% load guideline prescription (Dockrell et al. 2016). Another factor Background: Habitual school backpack carriage causes neuro-musculoskeletal vertebral, shoulder and hand pain; deviated posture compromised cardiopulmonary function and proprioception.Objective: Present a novel literature summary of the influence of backpack carriage associated with deviated cervical posture and compromised pulmonary function.Method: An electronic literature appraisal adopting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews, using Google Scholar, Science Direct, EMBASE, AMED, OVID, PubMed and Sabinet search engines, was instituted during 2009-2019. Key search words: schoolbag, backpack, carriage, cervical posture and children. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Downs and Black Appraisal Scale.Results: 583 records were initially identified which was reduced to 14 experimental and observational studies. A total of 1061 participants were included across the 14 studies, with an average age of 11.5 ± 1.3 years, body mass of 37.8 ± 6.6 kilograms (kg), height of 1.41 ± 0.05 meters (m), backpack mass of 5.2 ± 0.9 kg and percentage backpack mass to child's body mass of 13.75%. The studies mean rating according to the Downs and Black Appraisal Scale was 76.3%. The average craniovertebral angle (CVA) was 53.9° ± 14.6° whilst standing without carrying a backpack was reduced to 50.4° ± 16.4° when loaded (p < 0.05). Backpack loads carried varied from 5% -30% of the participant's body mass that produced a mean CVA decline of 3.5°. Conclusion:Backpack carriage alters cervical posture, resulting in smaller CVA and compromised pulmonary function. There is no consensus of the precise backpack mass that initiates postural changes. Girls' posture begin changes when carrying lighter backpacks as compared to boys of the same age strata.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered cervical posture kinematics imposed by heavy school backpack loading: A literature synopsis (2009–2019)

Ellapen

Paul

Hammill

et al. 2020

African Journal of Disability

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“…Зафиксированное в последние 20 лет четырехкратное увеличение высокого потребления углеводов, жиров и продуктов быстрого приготовления в комплексе со значительным ограничением физических нагрузок начиная с первых лет жизни приводит к высоким темпам прироста распространенности ожирения в последние десятилетия [3,5,[10][11][12].…”

Section: обоснованиеunclassified

Trends in the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents in the Sverdlovsk region

Ануфриева

Neupokoeva

Ковтун

2020

jour

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Background. Prevalence of excess body weight and obesity among children and adolescents has been gradually and significantly increasing over the last decades. The obesity detection rate is markedly affected by both low awareness of primary care physicians and the attitude of parents who pay no attention to the child’s excess weight for a long time considering it the manifestation of excellent health and normal development.Objective. The study aimed at comparative evaluation of the prevalence of obesity among children in the Sverdlovsk region.Methods. A comparative analysis of the prevalence of obesity was carried out, based on official statistical information and results of prophylactic medical examinations over the 2005–2019 period. The gender- and age-related particulars of pathologic obesity among children have been analyzed across the following age groups: 0–4, 5–9, 10–14 and 15–17 years.Results. Based on the incidence of office visits, a two-fold increase of morbid obesity was found in children 0–14 years of age (from 8.3‰ in 2005 to 16.3‰ in 2019 ), and a three-fold increase in adolescents 15–17 years of age (from 11.8‰ to 35.5‰, respectively; р < 0.001). The obesity rate registered during prophylactic medical examinations is two-fold higher than that during the office visits. Over 50% of obesity cases fall on the 10–14 age group, whereas the maximum rates of increase were found in children 5–9 years of age. In the age group of 15–17 years obesity is registered more often in boys than in girls.Conclusion. Significant differences in obesity prevalence rates, according to the office visits and prophylactic medical examinations’ data, attest to delayed diagnosis of excess body weight and insufficient effectiveness of pediatricians dealing with obese children at the stage of pediatric primary care. Cons idering the age-related particulars of obesity prevalence, health professionals working in educational institutions should play a leading role in the diagnosis of excess body weight and provision the follow-up care for children who are at risk for obesity.

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“…Overweight and obese children have larger body masses than lean children, but their muscle strength and endurance may be similar and/or even less developed (Thivel et al 2016 ). In these cases, the adoption of loading guidelines, expressed as percentages (varying from 5% to 20%), may prove to be problematic as the overweight child may not have the adequate muscle strength and endurance required to carry such a load, as compared to his or her age-matched peers (Adeyemi, Rohani & Rani 2015 ; De Paula et al 2012 ). This burden is further amplified when one takes the high prevalence of physical inactivity amongst children into account, resulting in poor musculoskeletal strength and endurance, and limited cardiopulmonary conditioning that cannot manage the load imposed by hefty school backpacks (Adeyemi et al 2015 ; De Paula et al 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered cervical posture kinematics imposed by heavy school backpack loading: A literature synopsis (2009–2019)

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Habitual school backpack carriage causes neuro-musculoskeletal vertebral, shoulder and hand pain; deviated posture compromised cardiopulmonary function and proprioception. Objective Present a novel literature summary of the influence of backpack carriage associated with deviated cervical posture and compromised pulmonary function. Method An electronic literature appraisal adopting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews, using Google Scholar, Science Direct, EMBASE, AMED, OVID, PubMed and Sabinet search engines, was instituted during 2009–2019. Key search words: schoolbag, backpack, carriage, cervical posture and children. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Downs and Black Appraisal Scale. Results 583 records were initially identified which was reduced to 14 experimental and observational studies. A total of 1061 participants were included across the 14 studies, with an average age of 11.5 ± 1.3 years, body mass of 37.8 ± 6.6 kilograms (kg), height of 1.41 ± 0.05 meters (m), backpack mass of 5.2 ± 0.9 kg and percentage backpack mass to child’s body mass of 13.75%. The studies mean rating according to the Downs and Black Appraisal Scale was 76.3%. The average craniovertebral angle (CVA) was 53.9° ± 14.6° whilst standing without carrying a backpack was reduced to 50.4° ± 16.4° when loaded ( p < 0.05). Backpack loads carried varied from 5% – 30% of the participant’s body mass that produced a mean CVA decline of 3.5°. Conclusion Backpack carriage alters cervical posture, resulting in smaller CVA and compromised pulmonary function. There is no consensus of the precise backpack mass that initiates postural changes. Girls’ posture begin changes when carrying lighter backpacks as compared to boys of the same age strata.

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Interaction of body mass index and age in muscular activities among backpack carrying male schoolchildren

Cited by 15 publications

References 42 publications

Altered cervical posture kinematics imposed by heavy school backpack loading: A literature synopsis (2009–2019)

Altered cervical posture kinematics imposed by heavy school backpack loading: A literature synopsis (2009–2019)

Trends in the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents in the Sverdlovsk region

Altered cervical posture kinematics imposed by heavy school backpack loading: A literature synopsis (2009–2019)

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