Interaction of antibacterial silver nanoparticles and microbiota-dependent holobionts revealed by metatranscriptomic analysis

Abstract

Although antibacterial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly released into the environment and are very toxic to aquatic organisms, their effects on bacteria-based holobionts have been rarely studied.

Nutrient-imbalanced Conditions Shift the Interplay Between Zooplankton and Gut Microbiota

“…The positive correlation between host genes essential for survival (digestion and growth) and gut microbial genes for glycolysis illustrated that the gut microbe could help the host in food digestion and growing under nutrient limited condition. These results are consistent with those from previous reports, which indicate that gut microbiota are essential for the growth and survival of zooplankton under different environmental conditions (Callens et al 2018, Li et al 2019b. We also discovered that the expression level of antimicrobial genes in the host immune system was increased in the P-limited group.…”

“…Bacteria-free eggs were obtained by disinfecting eggs, from the normally fed D. magna, through exposing them to 0.25% ampicillin (Sigma, Germany) for 30 min. Part of the antibiotic-treated eggs was crushed with a pestle and ltered through a 0.22 µm membrane for PCR assessment of remaining bacteria (Li et al 2019b). After rinsing with sterile ADaM to remove ampicillin, the eggs were transferred to a sterile sixwell plate for hatching.…”

“…Before each gut extraction procedure, tweezers were ame-sterilized and rinsed with 70% alcohol. Each of the extracted guts from the various experimental groups, was placed into a 1.5 mL sterile Eppendorf tube and dissociated into a cell suspension according to previous report (Li et al 2019a). The cell suspension was then ltered through a 0.22 µm polycarbonate membrane (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) with addition of 500 µL RNA protect reagent (Qiagen, Germany).…”

Nutrient-imbalanced conditions shift the interplay between zooplankton and gut microbiota

“…In brief , bacteria-free eggs were obtained by disinfecting eggs, from the normally fed D. magna , through exposing them to 0.25% ampicillin (Sigma, Germany) for 30 mins. A part of the antibiotic-treated eggs was crushed with a pestle and filtered through 0.22 μm membrane for PCR assessment of remaining bacteria [ 43 ]. After rinsing with sterile ADaM to remove ampicillin, the eggs were transferred to a sterile six-well plate for hatching.…”

Nutrient-imbalanced conditions shift the interplay between zooplankton and gut microbiota

“…In brief, bacteria-free eggs were obtained by disinfecting eggs, from the normally fed D. magna, through exposing them to 0.25% ampicillin (Sigma, Germany) for 30 mins. A part of the antibiotic-treated eggs was crushed with a pestle and ltered through 0.22 μm membrane for PCR assessment of remaining bacteria (Li et al 2019b). After rinsing with sterile ADaM to remove ampicillin, the eggs were transferred to a sterile six-well plate for hatching.…”