Interaction of Aflatoxin and Paratyphoid Infections in Broiler Chickens ,

Boonchuvit, Boonbungearn; Hamilton, Pat B.

doi:10.3382/ps.0541567

Cited by 50 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Poultry with aflatoxicosis are more susceptible to the bacterial diseases, fowl cholera [151,176,[179][180][181] and salmonellosis [182][183][184]. Exposure to AFB1 can increase the severity of the protozoan disease, cecal coccidiosis [185][186][187][188] and the fungal infection, crop mycosis [189].…”

Section: Immunotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from Toxicity and Responses to Aflatoxin B1 in Poultry

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review is a comprehensive introduction to the effects of poultry exposure to the toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The relationship between AFB1 sensitivity and metabolism, major direct and indirect effects of AFB1, recent studies of gene expression and transcriptome responses to exposure, and mitigation strategies to reduce toxicity are discussed. Exposure to AFB1 primarily occurs by consumption of contaminated corn, grain or other feed components. Low levels of residual AFB1 in poultry feeds can cause reduction in growth, feed conversion, egg production, and compromised immune functions, resulting in significant economic costs to producers. Thus, AFB1 acts as a "force multiplier" synergizing the adverse effects of microbial pathogens and other agents, and factors detrimental to poultry health. Domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) are one of the most sensitive animals known to AFB1 due, in large part, to a combination of efficient hepatic bioactivation by cytochromes P450 1A5 and 3A37, and deficient hepatic glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-mediated detoxification. Because of their sensitivity, turkeys are a good model to investigate chemopreventive treatments and feed additives for their ability to reduce AFB1 toxicity. Transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) of turkey poults (liver and spleen) has identified AFB1-induced gene expression changes in pathways of apoptosis, carcinogenesis, lipid regulation, antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity and antigen presentation. Current research focuses on further identifying the molecular mechanisms OPEN ACCESSAgriculture 2015, 5 743 underlying AFB1 toxicity with the goal of reducing aflatoxicosis and improving poultry health.

show abstract

Section: Immunotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from Toxicity and Responses to Aflatoxin B1 in Poultry

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…With posthatch exposure in the chicken, AF-Bl has been reported to elevate the total leukocyte count [Tung et al, 1975a1, reduce the serum concentration of IgG but not IgM [Tung et al, 1975b], reduce the cell-mediated immune parameters of GvH and delayed hypersensitivity reactions [Giambrone et al, 19781, and depress phagocytic activity [Chang and Hamilton, 19791. In addition to alteration in immune parameters, AF-B1 has been shown to reduce the resistance of chickens to a variety of diseases [Hamilton and Harris, 1971;Boonchuvit and Hamilton, 1975;Edds et al, 19731.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic exposure to aflatoxin‐B₁: Mutagenicity and influence on development and immunity

et al. 1985

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chick embryos were mutagenized in ovo in order to study developmentally related alterations in immune functions in survivors of this prenatal toxicant insult. In this experimental system, a single exposure of 6-day chick embryos to 0.1 microgram aflatoxin-B1 (AF-B1) in 10 microliters of acetone was employed, and the control embryos received 10 microliters of solvent alone. This dosage of AF-B1 administered to 6-day embryos was found to increase the incidence of sister chromatid exchanges in blood cells approximately fivefold above the baseline observed in solvent controls. A second sham control, where no solvent was administered, was included in some experiments. The cell cycle times in blood increased slightly during the initial exposure to AF-B1. However, a majority of the AF-B1 and acetone exposed embryos survived and hatched without incident. Losses occurred mainly in the latter part of embryogenesis. After hatching, no significant differences were observed in body weight between different treatment groups up to 26 weeks of age and no change in primary humoral immunity was detected. In contrast, two parameters of cell-mediated immunity, graft vs host (GvH), and cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) reactions were both depressed as a result of exposure to AF-B1. The AF-B1 treatment group was significantly reduced in the GvH reaction compared with sham-treated controls. In the CBH assay, AF-B1-exposed chicks showed reduced immunity compared with acetone controls. These results suggest that long-term selective immune depression can occur following embryonic exposure to AF-B1.

show abstract

“…T-cell delayed-type hypersensitivity responses and graft-versus-host responses are suppressed in chickens (140), and there is impaired chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and intracellular killing by heterophils and monocytes in chickens after ingestion (66,265). High-dose aflatoxin exposure (0.6 to 10 ppm) suppresses IgG or IgA levels in chickens (140), as well as antibody responses to Salmonella (44) and sheep red blood cells (411). There may be clinical veterinary correlates with increased frequency of swine salmonellosis (402), vaccination failure, and fowl cholera, salmonellosis, and coccidiosis (A. C. Pier, J. L. Richard, and J. R. Thurston, Proc.…”

Section: Hematologic and Immunologicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Mold, Toxigenic Fungi, andStachybotrys chartarum: Infectious Disease Perspective

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Damp buildings often have a moldy smell or obvious mold growth; some molds are human pathogens. This has caused concern regarding health effects of moldy indoor environments and has resulted in many studies of moisture- and mold-damaged buildings. Recently, there have been reports of severe illness as a result of indoor mold exposure, particularly due to Stachybotrys chartarum. While many authors describe a direct relationship between fungal contamination and illness, close examination of the literature reveals a confusing picture. Here, we review the evidence regarding indoor mold exposure and mycotoxicosis, with an emphasis on S. chartarum. We also examine possible end-organ effects, including pulmonary, immunologic, neurologic, and oncologic disorders. We discuss the Cleveland infant idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage reports in detail, since they provided important impetus for concerns about Stachybotrys. Some valid concerns exist regarding the relationship between indoor mold exposure and human disease. Review of the literature reveals certain fungus-disease associations in humans, including ergotism (Claviceps species), alimentary toxic aleukia (Fusarium), and liver disease (Aspergillys). While many papers suggest a similar relationship between Stachybotrys and human disease, the studies nearly uniformly suffer from significant methodological flaws, making their findings inconclusive. As a result, we have not found well-substantiated supportive evidence of serious illness due to Stachybotrys exposure in the contemporary environment. To address issues of indoor mold-related illness, there is an urgent need for studies using objective markers of illness, relevant animal models, proper epidemiologic techniques, and examination of confounding factors

show abstract

Interaction of Aflatoxin and Paratyphoid Infections in Broiler Chickens ,

Cited by 50 publications

References 16 publications

Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from Toxicity and Responses to Aflatoxin B1 in Poultry

Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from Toxicity and Responses to Aflatoxin B1 in Poultry

Embryonic exposure to aflatoxin‐B₁: Mutagenicity and influence on development and immunity

Indoor Mold, Toxigenic Fungi, andStachybotrys chartarum: Infectious Disease Perspective

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Interaction of Aflatoxin and Paratyphoid Infections in Broiler Chickens ,

Cited by 50 publications

References 16 publications

Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from Toxicity and Responses to Aflatoxin B1 in Poultry

Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from Toxicity and Responses to Aflatoxin B1 in Poultry

Embryonic exposure to aflatoxin‐B1: Mutagenicity and influence on development and immunity

Indoor Mold, Toxigenic Fungi, andStachybotrys chartarum: Infectious Disease Perspective

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Embryonic exposure to aflatoxin‐B₁: Mutagenicity and influence on development and immunity