The complexation between fullerene hexamalonate anions (FHM -) and dodecyl-(DP + ) and cetylpyridinium (CP + ) cations was studied in aqueous solutions in the absence and in the presence of NaCl by potentiometric and fluorimetric measurements. Results demonstrated a high association tendency between FHM -and cationic surfactants in aqueous solution, with characteristics similar to those found in complexes of linear polyelectrolytes with surfactants. It is proposed that FHM -spheres gradually arrange themselves into agglomerates of binding sites in conjunction with surfactant. SAXS studies on precipitated, wet surfactant/FHM -complexes suggest the formation of highly ordered lamellar and hexagonally packed cylinder structures.