“Interaction-free” imaging

White, A. G.; Mitchell, Jay; Nairz, Olaf; Kwiat, Paul G.

doi:10.1103/physreva.58.605

Cited by 162 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Since we can employ quasimonochromatic light, this assumption is met in a variety of systems. Moreover, in the case of objects that have a homogeneous phase image, the dephasing can be easily compensated with the interferometer phase.Our proposal draws inspiration from the so called "interaction-free-measurement" setups, where a partially transparent object can be discriminated from a totally transparent one with asymptotically negligible radiation absorption [1,2,3,4,5]. Even though such proposals were originally based on single-photon light pulses, analogous results have been obtained also with classical light [6,7].…”

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Interferometric tunability of absorption

Giovannetti¹,

Lloyd²,

Maccone³

2006

Opt. Express

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We propose an interferometric setup that permits to tune the quantity of radiation absorbed by an object illuminated by a fixed light source. The method can be used to selectively irradiate portions of an object based on their transmissivities or to accurately estimate the transmissivities from rough absorption measurements.PACS numbers: (OCIS) 120. 3180, 300.1030, 170.0110 When an object is illuminated, it will absorb radiation proportionally to its absorption coefficient: Darker portions of the object will absorb more light than more transparent ones. Is there a way around this? In this paper we analyze a setup which uses classical light sources (i.e. coherent beams) and permits to easily tune the quantity of a light absorbed by an object independently on its transparency, by appropriately tuning an interferometer phase. With the same setup, high efficiency measurements of the absorption coefficient can be performed via a feedback mechanism. The only underlying assumption is that the object introduces a negligible dephasing into a probe beam. Since we can employ quasimonochromatic light, this assumption is met in a variety of systems. Moreover, in the case of objects that have a homogeneous phase image, the dephasing can be easily compensated with the interferometer phase.Our proposal draws inspiration from the so called "interaction-free-measurement" setups, where a partially transparent object can be discriminated from a totally transparent one with asymptotically negligible radiation absorption [1,2,3,4,5]. Even though such proposals were originally based on single-photon light pulses, analogous results have been obtained also with classical light [6,7].The layout of the paper follows. We start by describing the proposed interferometric setup. We show how the absorption peak can be tuned and we analyze the irradiation selectivity. We then give the protocol for high efficiency estimation of η. We conclude by analyzing inhomogeneous objects, which incorporate different transmissivities. Since the process does not involve any quantum effects (such as entanglement or squeezing) one could also analyze it in terms of a classical theory of radiation, instead of the quantum formalism we use here for rigor. THE APPARATUSThe proposed apparatus is a modification of the experimental setup of Ref. [7]. It is obtained by concatenating a collection of N Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometers and is depicted in Fig. 1. Initially a coherent state |α enters through one interferometer port (associated with the annihilation operator a 0 ), and no photons enter from the other port (associated with the annihilation operator b 0 ). As shown in Fig. 1, after each MZ, one of the two emerging beams (the R beam) is focused on the object. Then the two beams are recombined at the input port of the next MZ. After N of such steps, the radiation leaves the apparatus at the N th interferometer outputs a N and b N . As we will show, appropriately tuning the interferometers phase φ and the number N of MZs it is possible to choose the value of ...

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confidence: 80%

“…η = 0) with only an asymptotically small fraction of the input radiation being absorbed [3,4,5,6,7]. Consider Eq.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interferometric tunability of absorption

Giovannetti¹,

Lloyd²,

Maccone³

2006

Opt. Express

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“…As a result, when many particles are considered [Eq. (11)] the result moves further away from the singleparticle limit of Eq. (6) reflecting this effective dephasing.…”

Section: Many-body Conditional Correlationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These non-trivial contributions are encoded in the term F N = S 1,3 /(Î 2 0 τ ) of the many-body cross-current correlation in Eq. (11). Technically it corresponds to a particle-hole loop contribution.…”

Section: Many-body Conditional Correlationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Many-body manifestation of interaction-free measurement: The Elitzur-Vaidman bomb

2016

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We consider an implementation of the Elitzur-Vaidman bomb experiment in a DC-biased electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a leakage port on one of its arms playing the role of a "lousy bom". Many-body correlations tend to screen out manifestations of interaction-free measurement. Analyzing the correlations between the current at the interformeter's drains and at the leakage port, we identify the limit where the originally proposed single-particle effect is recovered. Specifically, we find that in the regime of sufficiently diluted injected electron beam and short measurement times, effects of quantum mechanical wave-particle duality emerge in the cross-current correlations.

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“…Zeilinger et al [17] refined it so as to save nearly 100% of the bombs. Other applications of IFM range from quantum computation [18] to imaging [19].…”

Section: Icnfp 2013mentioning

confidence: 99%

Honoring Epimenides of Crete (±Δx): From Quantum Paradoxes, through Weak Measurements, to the Nature of Time

Cohen

Elitzur²

2014

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Quantum temporal peculiarities, involving ordinary and weak measurements, are explored. We introduce the foundations of weak measurement and outline some novel theoretical and experimental predictions derived from it. We then show how weak values, which explicitly depend on both forward and backward evolving state-vectors, can serve as important tools for gaining new insights into the nature of time.

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“Interaction-free” imaging

Cited by 162 publications

References 11 publications

Interferometric tunability of absorption

Interferometric tunability of absorption

Many-body manifestation of interaction-free measurement: The Elitzur-Vaidman bomb

Honoring Epimenides of Crete (±Δx): From Quantum Paradoxes, through Weak Measurements, to the Nature of Time

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