Interaction effects of internal vs. external locus of control and directive vs. nondirective therapy: Fact or fiction?

Messer, Stanley B.; Meinster, Martha O.

doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198001)36:1<283::aid-jclp2270360137>3.0.co;2-4

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…They reported that clients in all groups showed a significant decrease in social anxiety, but produced no evidence to support the hypothesis of a greater decrease in anxiety for internals in the internally focused treatment (self-reinforcement) and for externals in the external treatment (systematic desensitization). A re-examination of Meinster's results by Messer & Meinster (1980) revealed, however, that a greater proportion of externals improved in systematic desensitization therapy compared to internals.…”

Section: Effect Of Matching Locus Of Control With Treatment On Therapmentioning

confidence: 94%

Locus of control as a predictor of outcome of psychotherapy

Foon¹

1987

British Journal of Medical Psychology

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The last 10 years have shown a notable increase in the consideration of locus of control as a variable pertinent to the explanation of outcome in psychotherapy. In particular, a body of research has provided evidence that an internal locus of control orientation facilitates both positive assessments of therapy and favourable outcomes, and that successful outcomes for clients with particular control orientations are facilitated by the degree of structure and directiveness in therapy. There appear to be a number of difficulties with the methods of measurement employed in these studies; in particular, the selection of subject groups and indexes of outcome as well as manipulation of treatment structures may have limited the generalizability of research findings. The possible therapeutic and clinical applications of locus of control in psychotherapy are considered.

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Section: Effect Of Matching Locus Of Control With Treatment On Therapmentioning

confidence: 94%

Locus of control as a predictor of outcome of psychotherapy

Foon¹

1987

British Journal of Medical Psychology

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“…Earlier studies of RL mainly investigated attitudes (Cedar & Levant, ; Dembo, Sweitzer, & Lauritzen, ), while techniques and individual differences have received less attention. Abramowitz, Abramowitz, Roback, and Jackson () reported that internally oriented persons prefer nondirective approaches; a subsequent study of locus of control and preference for directive vs. nondirective counselling (Messer & Meinster, ) also supported this interaction. A recent meta‐analysis of counsellor directiveness and client reactance (Beutler et al, ) reported that clients' trait‐like resistance, matched with counsellor directiveness, predicts treatment outcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Reflective listening and open‐ended questions in counselling: Preferences moderated by social skills and cognitive ability

Rautalinko

2013

Couns and Psychother Res

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Aims: We examined how nondirective counselling skills affect the evaluation of counsellors and the observed working alliance, and how evaluators' social skills and cognitive ability moderate evaluations. Method: In a first analogue experiment, counselling transcripts containing more or less restatements, reflections and open‐ended questions were audio‐taped and rated by evaluators (n=52) who self‐reported social skills. In a second experiment, a different sample of evaluators (n=63) rated transcripts and self‐reported social skills and were tested on cognitive ability. Results: Restatements and reflections improved ratings of the counsellors and the observed working alliance, but open‐ended questions did not. Ratings were moderated by evaluators' social skills and cognitive ability. Discussion: The results agree with previous evidence on restating–reflecting and open‐ended questions. That certain evaluators preferred open‐ended questions more than others can be understood as an issue of matching between conceptual level, social skills, and counselling structure.

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“…Although the findings that internals in the SDT and externals in the LDW did not reduce stress more than those individuals not matched on the locus of control variable may appear at variance with some of the previous research, a recent review by Messer and Meinster (1980) provides an explanation for the equivocal results.…”

Section: Friedman Lehktr and Stevensmentioning

confidence: 54%

The Effectiveness of Self-directed and Lecture/Discussion Stress Management Approaches and The Locus of Control of Teachers

Friedman

Lehrer

Stevens

1983

American Educational Research Journal

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This study examined the interaction effects of two stress management strategies, directed lecture discussion versus self directed, and the locus of control of teachers. Eighty-five teachers were pre-and posttested on the State Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Subjective Stress Scales. Subjects were pretested on the Locus of Control Scale, and approximately half of each of the extreme scores were randomly assigned to the treatment groups. The results indicate that both directive and self directed stresrs management programs are effective in reducing stress. However, locus of control was not an important factor in determining success in a stress reduction program. The findings are discussed in terms of stress management approaches and inservice training programs.

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Interaction effects of internal vs. external locus of control and directive vs. nondirective therapy: Fact or fiction?

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Locus of control as a predictor of outcome of psychotherapy

Locus of control as a predictor of outcome of psychotherapy

Reflective listening and open‐ended questions in counselling: Preferences moderated by social skills and cognitive ability

The Effectiveness of Self-directed and Lecture/Discussion Stress Management Approaches and The Locus of Control of Teachers

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