Interaction between Walking Humans and Structures in Vertical Direction: A Literature Review

Shahabpoor, Erfan; Pavić, Aleksandar; Racić, Vitomir

doi:10.1155/2016/3430285

Cited by 65 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…given glass structure can be in fact affected by several parameters, like the loading features, the structural geometry, the properties of the involved materials and bonding layers or the presence of mechanical and adhesive restraints that could manifest a time/temperature/humidity-varying flexibility (see Figure 1 and [15,16]). Even more attention is required for pedestrian glass structures that could be subjected to severe operational conditions, with pronounced human structure interaction (HSI) phenomena [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of Field Experiments, Analytical Methods and Pedestrian’s Perception Scales for the Vibration Serviceability Assessment of an In-Service Glass Walkway

Bedon

Fasan

2019

Applied Sciences

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The vibration performance of pedestrian structures attracts the attention of several studies, especially with respect to unfavorable operational conditions or possible damage scenarios. Given a pedestrian system, specific vibration comfort levels must be satisfied in addition to basic safety requirements, depending on the class of use, the structural typology and the materials. To this aim, guideline documents of the literature offer simplified single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) approaches to estimate the maximum expected vibrations and to verify the required comfort limits. Most of these documents, however, are specifically calibrated for specific scenarios/structural typologies. Dedicated methods of design and analysis, in this regard, may be required for structural glass pedestrian systems, due to their intrinsic features (small thickness-to-size ratios, high flexibility, type and number of supports, live-to-dead load ratios, use of materials that are susceptible to mechanical degradation with time/temperature/humidity, etc.). Careful consideration could be then needed not only at the design stage, but also during the service life of a given glass walkway. In this paper, the dynamic performance of an in-service glass walkway is taken into account and explored via field vibration experiments. A set of walking configurations of technical interest is considered, involving 20 volunteers and several movement features. The vibration comfort of the structure is then assessed based on experimental estimates and existing guideline documents. The intrinsic uncertainties and limits of simplified approaches of literature are discussed, with respect to the performance of the examined glass walkway. In conclusion, the test predictions are also used to derive “perception index” data and scales that could support a reliable vibration comfort assessment of in-service pedestrian glass structures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of Field Experiments, Analytical Methods and Pedestrian’s Perception Scales for the Vibration Serviceability Assessment of an In-Service Glass Walkway

Bedon

Fasan

2019

Applied Sciences

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“…Although the dynamic performance under high crowd densities is often imperative for the design, these loading conditions have virtually never been verified [4]. Concerns about these load models are strengthened by the fact that recent studies indicate the significant impact of human-structure interaction (HSI) phenomena [5][6][7][8][9]. However, large-scale experimental evidence corroborating these results is absent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Robust Methodology for the Reconstruction of the Vertical Pedestrian-Induced Load from the Registered Body Motion

et al. 2018

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This paper proposes a methodology to reconstruct the vertical GRFs from the registered body motion that is reasonably robust against measurement noise. The vertical GRFs are reconstructed from the experimentally identified time-variant pacing rate and a generalised single-step load model available in the literature. The proposed methodology only requires accurately capturing the body motion within the frequency range 1–10 Hz and does not rely on the exact magnitude of the registered signal. The methodology can therefore also be applied when low-cost sensors are used and to minimize the impact of soft-tissue artefacts. In addition, the proposed procedure can be applied regardless of the position of the sensor on the human body, as long as the recorded body motion allows for identifying the time of a nominally identical event in successive walking cycles. The methodology is illustrated by a numerical example and applied to an experimental dataset where the ground reaction forces and the body motion were registered simultaneously. The results show that the proposed methodology allows for arriving at a good estimate of the vertical ground reaction forces. When the impact of soft-tissue artefacts is low, a comparable estimate can be obtained using Newton’s second law of motion.

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“…In order to reduce the uncertainties of the estimated parameters and thus prevent an ill‐conditioned inverse problem, two measures were taken: (a) the FE model of the Viana footbridge was updated based on its experimental modal parameters estimated by operational modal analysis, and (b) a search domain was established for the parameters identification in each inverse problem. Each search domain was determined based on two aspects: (a) the results of previous studies reported in literature and (b) the knowledge of the physical problem. In next subsections, the identification process is described in detail.…”

Section: Experimental Estimation Of the Pedestrian Modal Parameters Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral crowd‐structure interaction model to analyse the change of the modal properties of footbridges

Jiménez‐Alonso

Sáez

Caetano

et al. 2019

Struct Control Health Monit

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In this paper, a biomechanical crowd-structure interaction model is proposed and calibrated in order to take into account the change of the modal properties of footbridges in lateral direction induced by the pedestrian walking action.The model involves two submodels, namely, (a) the pedestrian-structure interaction and (b) the crowd submodels. In the first submodel, a single degree of freedom system, which simulates the behaviour of each pedestrian, is projected on the vibration modes of the structure. Herein, the parameters of the first submodel are estimated experimentally from the results of several pedestrian tests conducted on a real footbridge. For the second submodel, the crowd behaviour is modelled via a multiagent method. The performance of the overall model has been assessed successfully via the correlation between the change of the first experimental lateral natural frequency of another footbridge during a pedestrian test and the numerical predictions provided by the proposed model. Therefore, this model becomes a valuable tool to analyse numerically the change of the modal parameters of footbridges due to the pedestrianstructure interaction.KEYWORDS change of natural frequencies, crowd dynamics, footbridge, lateral lock-in phenomenon, pedestrianstructure interaction, simplified biomechanical model | INTRODUCTIONAfter the vibratory problems occurred during the opening ceremony of the Millennium footbridge (London, UK), 1 the analysis of the behaviour of footbridges, due to the lateral pedestrian induced vibrations, has become an essential part of their structural design. 2 During the last two decades, many models have been proposed in the literature to simulate the excitation generated by the pedestrian-induced lateral vibrations. These models may be classified into one of the following categories: (a) direct resonance, (b) internal resonance, and (c) dynamic interaction between the pedestrians and the footbridge. 3 Herein, the proposed model can be ascribed to this third category, where the excitation mechanism is originated by the coexistence of an interaction between both pedestrians and the movement of the bridge and among pedestrians themselves.The first attempt to simulate the pedestrian-structure interaction was based on the assumption that a walking pedestrian may be modelled by a pendulum walking model, where a lumped mass situated at the pedestrian's centre of gravity is linked to the structure by a rigid massless element. In 1992, this idea was used by Abe and Fujino 4 to propose a non-linear model for the lateral pedestrian force in terms of the inertial force of the pedestrian and the

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Interaction between Walking Humans and Structures in Vertical Direction: A Literature Review

Cited by 65 publications

References 58 publications

Reliability of Field Experiments, Analytical Methods and Pedestrian’s Perception Scales for the Vibration Serviceability Assessment of an In-Service Glass Walkway

Reliability of Field Experiments, Analytical Methods and Pedestrian’s Perception Scales for the Vibration Serviceability Assessment of an In-Service Glass Walkway

A Robust Methodology for the Reconstruction of the Vertical Pedestrian-Induced Load from the Registered Body Motion

Lateral crowd‐structure interaction model to analyse the change of the modal properties of footbridges

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