“…Esch and Burns, 1995;Ronacher and Wehner, 1995;Srinivasan et al, 1997;Srinivasan et al, 2000;Esch et al, 2001). While many studies on crustaceans have addressed the physiological and behavioural aspects of optokinetic responses (Nalbach and Nalbach, 1987;Nalbach et al, 1989a;Barnes and Nalbach, 1993;Blanke et al, 1997;Barnes et al, 2002;Zeil and Hemmi, 2006), the visual ecology of sandhoppers has scarcely been considered (Ugolini et al, 1986;Ugolini et al, 2006;Forward et al, 2009;Walsh et al, 2010). All of these arthropod groups, however, are faced with different ecological conditions, which suggests that they may rely on different cues for orientation depending on the information content of their habitat (see Nalbach et al, 1989b;Nalbach, 1990).…”