Interaction between soils physicochemical properties and fungal communities in different Tunisian agroecosystems

Abstract

Soil fungi are vital members of the soil ecosystem, performing a multitude of functions critical for ecosystem health. This study examined the relationship between soil properties and fungal communities in Tunisian agroecosystems. Soil characteristics like pH, electrical conductivity, bulk density, and nutrient content displayed significant variations across the studied crops. These variations suggest the need for tailored irrigation and fertilization practices for optimal plant growth. Fungal abundance also varied significantly, with pomegranate (P. granatum cv. Gabsi: 14.82 x 10⁵ CFU/g of soil) harboring the most abundant community, while tomato (S. lycopersicum cvs. Firenze and Dorra: 0.92 x 10⁵ and 0.66 x 10⁵ CFU/g of soil, respectively) exhibited the least. Similarly, Trichoderma spp. abundance followed the same pattern (2.02 x 10⁵, 0.04 x 10⁵, and 0.06 x 10⁵ CFU/g of soil, respectively). Analysis revealed that fungal abundance increased in soils with low salinity, compaction, and clay content, but increased more in environments rich in organic matter, nutrients, and well-drained sandy textures. Furthermore, a preference for a higher soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratio suggests fungi favor readily available carbon sources for growth. In Tunisian agroecosystems, soil properties significantly influenced fungal abundance and composition across crops. This highlights the need for tailored management practices to promote both plant growth and beneficial fungi, with a focus on maintaining good soil health for diverse fungal communities.