Interaction between protein and energy supply on protein utilization in growing cattle: A review

Schroeder, G.F.; Titgemeyer, Evan C.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2007.12.008

Cited by 68 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…It can be assumed that the main reason for the very high growth rate in the present study was the effect of high silage digestibility leading to high energy intake and optimal conditions for microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. According to Schroeder and Titgemeyer (2008), energy supply affects the efficiency of protein utilization. The improved LWG on early-cut silage or on silage of high digestibility has earlier been confirmed in several studies (e.g.…”

Section: Effects Of Silage Digestibility On Animal Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of grass-red clover silage digestibility and concentrate protein concentration on performance, carcass value, eating quality and economy of finishing Hereford bulls reared in cold conditions

Manninen

Honkavaara

Jauhiainen

2008

AFSci

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The aim of the present experiment was to study the effects of (1) digestibility of grass-red clover silage (GCS) and (2) concentrate protein concentration on the performance, eating quality and economy of Hereford bulls during a six months pre-slaughter period, and reared in cold indoor facilities. Thirty-one bulls with an initial live weight (LW) of 289 kg were selected for a 2 × 2 factorial design experiment consisting of two primary growth GCSs harvested at different maturities (in vitro digestible organic matter (OM) in dry matter (DM), D value: Early-cut, E, 750 g kg -1 DM; Late-cut, L, 699 g kg -1 DM) and two concentrate crude protein concentrations (Medium, M, 170 g kg -1 DM; High, H, 210 g kg -1 DM). The concentrate comprised milled barley and pelleted commercial protein compound and was offered daily on average 3.2 kg DM, including 0.45 and 1.13 kg of rapeseed cake in M and H, respectively. Grass-red clover silage was offered ad libitum. The target cold carcass weight was 330 kg.The proportion of concentrate of the total daily DM intake averaged 0.337 during the entire experiment. Treatments had no effect on the daily intake of GCS, total intake of DM, DM intake kg -1 LW 0.75 and metabolizable energy averaging 6.0 and 9.4 kg DM, 97.4 g and 109.4 MJ, respectively. The digestibility of dietary OM and neutral detergent fibre was lower (p < 0.05, 0.733 vs. 0.769 and 0.625 vs. 0.665) on diet L than on diet E. The animals on diet E tended to consume daily on average 1.29 kg less (p < 0.10) DM kg -1 net weight gain than those on diet L. The time to achieve the target carcass weight was on average 18 days longer (p < 0.01) on diet L than on diet E. During the entire experiment the LW gain averaged 1795 and 1609 g d -1 (p < 0.01) on diets E and L, respectively. The concentrate protein concentration did not affect animal performance. Treatments had no significant effect on the kill-out proportion, EUROP carcass conformation and carcass fat classification which averaged 537 g kg -1 , 6.5 and 3.6, respectively. The eating quality of the tested loins was good. Treatments had only a minor effect on the yield of valuable cuts. It is concluded that the digestibility of silage is important since the early-cut silage improved the growth rate and shortened the finishing period of bulls significantly compared with those fed late-cut silage. The lower yield and, thus, higher unit cost of early-cut silage may, however, invalidate its superiority compared with the late-cut silage. There was no benefit from using concentrate of high protein concentration.

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Section: Effects Of Silage Digestibility On Animal Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of grass-red clover silage digestibility and concentrate protein concentration on performance, carcass value, eating quality and economy of finishing Hereford bulls reared in cold conditions

Manninen

Honkavaara

Jauhiainen

2008

AFSci

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“…Lysine and methionine have frequently been identified as the first and second limiting amino acids for growing cattle (Klemesrud et al, 2000a and2000b). The requirements for these limiting amino acids have been estimated from studies in which the amino acids were infused postruminally in a protected form to allow escape from the ruminal microbial deamination but available for digestion and absorption in the small intestine (Schroeder and Titgemeyer, 2008) being the recommended ratio between them around 3.0 (INRA, 2007). However, growth response to supplementation of diets with escape proteins has been inconsistent (Klemesrud et al, 2000a and2000b;Schroeder and Titgemeyer, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The requirements for these limiting amino acids have been estimated from studies in which the amino acids were infused postruminally in a protected form to allow escape from the ruminal microbial deamination but available for digestion and absorption in the small intestine (Schroeder and Titgemeyer, 2008) being the recommended ratio between them around 3.0 (INRA, 2007). However, growth response to supplementation of diets with escape proteins has been inconsistent (Klemesrud et al, 2000a and2000b;Schroeder and Titgemeyer, 2008). Tissue composition (total muscle, total fat and bone percentages) did not significantly differ between castration ages (Table 2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of castration age, dietary protein level and lysine/methionine ratio on animal performance, carcass and meat quality of Friesian steers intensively reared

Prado

Muela

Valero

et al. 2014

Animal

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The effects of castration age, dietary protein level and the dietary lysine/methionine (lys/met) ratio on animal performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality were studied in 64 intensively reared Friesian steers. Animals underwent castration procedures at 15 days old or at 5 months old. Dietary treatments started at 90 days old, with eight animals from each castration age randomly allocated to each treatment: 14.6% v. 16.8% CP (DM basis), and 3.0 v. 3.4 lys/met, on a 2 × 2 × 2 design. The recommended ratio of 3.0 was reached with supplementation of protected methionine. Steers were slaughtered at 443.5 ± 26.2 kg live weight when they reached 12 months old approximately. Average daily gain, cold carcass weight or carcass classification were not affected by any studied effect. Muscle moisture ( P = 0.024), C18:2n-6 percentage ( P = 0.047), polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid ( P = 0.049) and n-6/n-3 ( P = 0.003) were higher in late castrated animals. Both high levels of dietary protein ( P = 0.008) and lys/met ratio ( P = 0.048) increased the percentage of muscle in the carcass. A level of 16.8% of CP in the diet also increased the percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids in the intramuscular fat ( P = 0.032), whereas a ratio lys/met of 3.4 decreased the percentage of saturated fatty acids ( P = 0.028). Thus, it is recommended using diets with a high protein level (16.8%) and a high lys/met ratio (3.4) in animals slaughtered at a young age, in order to obtain carcasses with high muscle content without negatively affecting productive traits or intramuscular fat composition.

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“…Several reports have demonstrated that greater flow of post-ruminal AA increases the small intestinal OM and starch digestibility (Richards et al, 2002) and increases portal glucose appearance (Taniguchi et al, 1995), and consequently improve AA absorption from the basal diet probably by sparing gut-tissue AA from breakdown. In addition, it was reported that the additional energy supplied by excess AA can improve the absorption of other limiting AA (Schroeder and Titgemeyer, 2008). In our study, the AAI was rich in BCAA, His, Met and Arg compared with microbial protein (Storm and Orskov, 1983) and provided 1.63 MJ ME/ day (18% of ME requirements for maintenance).…”

Section: N Balancementioning

confidence: 64%

Effects of forage intake level on nitrogen net flux by portal-drained viscera of mature sheep with abomasal infusion of an amino acid mixture

Elsabagh¹,

Sugino²,

Obitsu³

et al. 2013

Animal

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This study aimed to investigate the pattern of nitrogen (N) metabolites flux across the portal-drained viscera (PDV) of mature sheep over a wide range of forage intake, and to determine the effect of dry matter intake (DMI) on the PDV recovery of an abomasally infused amino acids (AA) mixture. Four Suffolk mature sheep (61.4 6 3.6 kg BW) surgically fitted with abomasal cannulae and multi-catheters were fed four levels of DMI of lucerne hay cubes ranging from 0.4 to 1.6 fold the metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance. Each period lasted for 17 days: 7 days for diet adaptation, 5 days for measurement of N balance and N metabolites flux under basal pre-infusion conditions (basal phase) and 5 days for determining the recovery of the infused AA (584 mmol/day) across the PDV (infusion phase). Six sets of blood samples were collected on the last day of both basal and infusion phases. Increasing DMI increased portal release of AA and enhanced N retention. At 0.4 M and as a proportion of digested N, there was a marked drop in total AA-N release accompanied by greater ammonia-N release and urea-N uptake across the PDV. The incremental recovery ratio of infused AA across the PDV was altered with increasing DMI accounting for 0.88, 1.12, 1.23 and 1.31 at 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 M, respectively. In addition, across the individual AA, the net portal recovery ratio of infused methionine and valine increased linearly (P , 0.05) while that of phenylalanine, branched-chain AA and total essential AA tended to increase linearly (P , 0.10) with increasing DMI. These results indicated that DMI affects the net portal recovery of AA available in the small intestine of mature sheep.

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Interaction between protein and energy supply on protein utilization in growing cattle: A review

Cited by 68 publications

References 46 publications

Effects of grass-red clover silage digestibility and concentrate protein concentration on performance, carcass value, eating quality and economy of finishing Hereford bulls reared in cold conditions

Effects of grass-red clover silage digestibility and concentrate protein concentration on performance, carcass value, eating quality and economy of finishing Hereford bulls reared in cold conditions

Effects of castration age, dietary protein level and lysine/methionine ratio on animal performance, carcass and meat quality of Friesian steers intensively reared

Effects of forage intake level on nitrogen net flux by portal-drained viscera of mature sheep with abomasal infusion of an amino acid mixture

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