Interaction between polyphenols intake and PON1 gene variants on markers of cardiovascular disease: a nutrigenetic observational study

Abstract

BackgroundParaoxonase 1 (PON1) gene polymorphisms and polyphenols intake have been reported independently associated to lipid profile and susceptibility to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. However, the interaction between these factors remains to be investigated. We performed an observational nutrigenetic study to examine whether the interaction between polyphenols and anthocyanins intake and PON1 genetic variants can modulate biomarkers of cardiovascular health in an Italian healthy population.MethodsWe recruited 443 healthy volunteers who participated in the EC funded ATHENA project (AnThocyanin and polyphenols bioactive for Health Enhancement through Nutritional Advancement). Data collection included detailed demographic, clinical, dietary, lifestyle, biochemical and genetic data. Polyphenols and anthocyanins intake was measured by 24 h dietary recall repeated three times a year in order to get seasonal variations. We tested the interaction between 18 independent tagging SNPs in PON1 gene and polyphenols intake on HDL, LDL, cholesterol, triglycerides and atherogenic index of plasma.ResultsWithout considering the genetic background, we could not observe significant differences in the lipid profile between high and low polyphenols and anthocyanins intake. Using a nutrigenetic approach, we identified protective genotypes in four independent polymorphisms that, at Bonferroni level (p ≤ 0.0028), present a significant association with increased HDL level under high polyphenols and anthocyanins intake, compared to risk genotypes (rs854549, Beta = 4.7 per C allele; rs854552, Beta = 5.6 per C allele; rs854571, Beta = 3.92 per T allele; rs854572, Beta = 3.94 per C allele).ConclusionsWe highlight the protective role of genetic variants in PON1 towards cardiovascular risk under high polyphenols and anthocyanins consumption. PON1 variants could represent novel biomarkers to stratify individuals who might benefit from targeted dietary recommendation for health promotion and strategies of preventive medicine.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0941-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The Effects of Anthocyanins and Their Microbial Metabolites on the Expression and Enzyme Activities of Paraoxonase 1, an Important Marker of HDL Function

“…Although both phenotypes responded similarly to the other anthocyanins/metabolites, this does not preclude that these metabolites may interact and affect the enzyme activities with other genotypes other than the Q192R genotype. In a previous nutrigenomic study, a significant association between anthocyanin intake and increased HDL levels was reported in participants with some PON1 genotypes but not with others [69]. The study investigated interactions between SNPs in the PON1 gene and polyphenols intake on HDL and other biomarkers of CVD risk.…”

“…The study investigated interactions between SNPs in the PON1 gene and polyphenols intake on HDL and other biomarkers of CVD risk. Of 18 independent tagging SNPs that were tested, four SNPs (rs854549, rs854552, rs854571, and rs854572) showed a significant association with increased circulating HDL levels in people consuming higher quantities of polyphenols and anthocyanins [69]. At present there is no commercial source of purified isoenzymes corresponding to these genotypes to understand how these genotypes respond to anthocyanin treatments.…”

A role for plant science in underpinning the objective of global nutritional security?

“…In a nutrigenomic observational study of 435 Italian volunteers, of whom 25 % were vegetarian, lipid profiles in plasma were reported to be better for individuals with specific genotypes consuming high polyphenol diets. Rizzi et al (2016) reported significant associations between specific PON1 alleles, anthocyanin consumption and elevated HDL levels. The PON1 gene is associated with several human diseases, including CVD ( Kim et al , 2013 ), and is inversely associated with the risk of CVD, particularly with atherosclerosis ( Rosenblat et al , 2005 ).…”

Medicine is not health care, food is health care: plant metabolic engineering, diet and human health

“…Often increased intake is recommended, involving consumption of anthocyanin‐rich fruits such as blueberries or cranberries although consumption of such foods with large amounts of sugar confounds the positive effects of dietary anthocyanins. Recent data have suggested that daily anthocyanin consumption is much lower than previously thought (median consumption 27.5 mg d −1 ; Rizzi et al ., ), probably as a result of more accurate recent measurements of anthocyanin contents of foods. These studies showed an inverse relationship between anthocyanin consumption and some markers for risk of CVD, although there were stronger associations to total polyphenol consumption.…”

“…These studies showed an inverse relationship between anthocyanin consumption and some markers for risk of CVD, although there were stronger associations to total polyphenol consumption. There were also marked differences between individuals in their risk factor responses to high-anthocyanin diets, suggesting a strong association with genotype (Rizzi et al, 2016). Supplementation studies suggest beneficial effects of anthocyanins on CVD and inflammatory markers when consumed at levels of between 200 and 300 mg anthocyanins d À1 (Pojer et al, 2013), although many available, commercial supplements fall far below their claimed contents of anthocyanins (Tokyo Japan Health Food and Nutrition Association 2009 Bulletin No 58).…”