Interaction Between Phenylbutazone and Thiopental Sodium in Female Stray Dogs: The Effect on the Recovery from Anesthesia

Abstract

Anesthesia often involves administration of several drugs from different classes. Drug-drug interactions may affect the duration of action of anesthetic agents. The purpose of this research was to investigate interaction between phenylbutazone and thiopental sodium in dogs. Twenty-six female stray dogs were randomly divided into two groups. Each group subdivided into two subgroups <18kg and ≥18kg. Equivalent doses of thiopental sodium were intravenously administered following the injection of 0.9% normal saline in control group and phenylbutazone via the same route in experimental group. After anesthesia, time intervals needed for the return of palpebral reflex, opening of eyes, tongue movement, stretching of limbs, head and neck movements, sitting position, trying to stand, imbalanced walking and normal walking were recorded. Results showed the average time periods in the experimental group were generally more than those in the control group. It was shown the duration of the above chronological parameters were significantly higher in heavier dogs compared to the lighter. Females generally have a larger proportion of body fat content than males. This may cause a higher volume of distribution and a longer elimination half-life for thiopental in female dogs. This interaction with phenylbutazone may be due to an increase in the unbound form of thiopental sodium and its quicker distribution into the brain and a longer duration of anesthesia. Keywords: Drug interaction, Thiopental sodium, Phenylbutazone, Anesthesia, Dog Kısırlaştırılmış Dişi Köpeklerde Fenilbutazon ve Thiopental Sodyum Etkileşimi: Anesteziden Çıkışa Etkisi ÖzetAneztezi çoğu zaman birden fazla değişik sınıftan ilaçların uygulanmasını içerir. İlaçlar arası etkileşim anestezik maddenin etki süresini etkileyebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı köpeklerde fenilbutazon ve thiopental sodyumun etkileşimini araştırmaktır. Yirmi altı kısırlaştırılmış dişi kopek rastgele iki gruba ayrıldı. Her bir grup <18kg ve ≥18kg olmak üzere iki altgruba ayrıldı. Eşit dozlarda olmak üzere thiopental sodyum control grubundakilere intravenöz %0.9 tuzlu su verilmesinin ardından, çalışma grubundakilere ise aynı yolla fenilbutazon verilmesini takiben intravenöz olarak uygulandı. Anesteziyi takiben göz kapağı refleksi, gözünü açma, dilini hareket ettirme, ayaklarını uzatma, kafa ve boyunu hareket ettirme oturma pozisyonunu sağlama, kalkmaya çalışma, dengesiz yürüme ve norma yürüme için geçen süreler kaydedildi. Sonuçlar çalışma grubundaki hayvanlarda kaydedilen ortalama sürelerin genel olarak control grubundaki hayvanlardan daha uzun olduğu gösterdi. Yukarıda belirtilen parametrelerde sürelerin daha ağır köpeklerde hafif olanlara oranla önemli derecede daha uzun olduğu gözlemlendi. Dişiler genellikle erkeklere oranla daha fazla vücut yağına sahiptir. Bu durum, dişilerde daha fazla miktarda yayılmaya ve thiopentalin yarılanma ömrü için daha uzun zamana ihtiyaç doğurabilir. Fenilbutazon ile etkileşim, thiopental sodyumun bağsız formundaki artışa ve onun daha hızlı olarak beyine yayılmasına ...

Drug Interaction Effect of Ketoprofen and Dexamethasone With Thiopental: A Pharmacokinetics and Anesthetics Study in Male Dogs

“…Increasing the free form of thiopental in the conditions of ketoprofen drug interaction causes its distribution in other tissues, especially adipose tissue, and this leads to an increase in the volume of thiopental distribution. The results of this study were in line with the study of Borgå and Borgå (1997) (Borgå and Borgå, 1997) and Raeeszadeh and Rajaian (2013) (Raeeszadeh and Rajaian, 2013) on the interaction of phenylbutazone with thiopental. Signi cant reduction of thiopental elimination and increase of thiopental half-life and consequently increase of its recovery time in comparison with dexamethasone and control group, indicates thiopental redistribution from tissues to blood in this interference (Heuberger et al, 2013, Smith et al, 2010, Gibaldi et al, 1978.…”

“…To interpret these results, we rst discuss how to select the doses of drugs used in this study. The recommended dose of thiopental was selected from the study of Raeeszadeh et al, (2013) (Raeeszadeh and Rajaian, 2013) The recommended dose of ketoprofen from the study of Delage et al, (2005) (Delage et al, 2005) and the dose of dexamethasone from the study of Wank et al, (1997) (Wanke et al, 1997). In these studies, the pharmacokinetic parameters of each of these drugs have been well studied.…”

“…After centrifugation, 20 μl of supernatant was prepared for injection in HPLC column. Acetonitrile was measured at 0.8 ml/min and acetic acid at 1% as the mobile phase at a ow rate of 1.2 ml/min with a wavelength of 260 nm (Raeeszadeh and Rajaian, 2013). Clinical parameters of return from anesthesia including eyelid re ex return, animal sitting, standing time, unbalanced walking time and normal walking time were also measured (Malayeri and Bakhtiari, 2018).…”

“…After separation of serum by centrifugation (3000rmp, 10min), thiopental concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Then the concentration diagram was drawn in terms of time and its different pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated in all the groups (Raeeszadeh and Rajaian, 2013).…”

Drug Interaction between Dexamethasone and Ketoprofen with Thiopental in Male Dogs: Effect on the Recovery from Anesthesia and Pharmacokinetics Parameters

“…The concentration of thiopental in serum was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to draw the concentration diagram in time. Thiopental pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life, K elimination, the volume of distribution, and clearance were then calculated in different groups [ 20 ]. Recovery times (minute), including return palpebral reflex, sitting position, trying to stand, imbalanced walking, and normal walking, were assessed in all groups [ 21 ].…”