Interaction between Oligodendrocytes and Interneurons in Brain Development and Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Abstract

A variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders have recently been shown to be highly associated with the abnormal development and function of oligodendrocytes (OLs) and interneurons. OLs are the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system (CNS), while interneurons are important neural types gating the function of excitatory neurons. These two types of cells are of great significance for the establishment and function of neural circuits, and they share similar developmental origins and transcriptional architectures, and interact with each other in multiple ways during development. In this review, we compare the similarities and differences in these two cell types, providing an important reference and further revealing the pathogenesis of related brain disorders.

Role of Glial Cells in Depression and Drug Addiction

“…Analysis of single-nucleus transcriptomic data from MDD patients revealed OLs dysregulation and the presence of novel OLs expressing immune properties [63] [195]. It is expected that further elucidation of interaction between OLs and neurons will provide novel insights into the pathology of MDD and suggest novel targets for intervention [197].…”

Role of Glial Cells in Neuronal Function, Mood Disorders, and Drug Addiction

“…Markers of oxidative stress were also observed in OLs obtained from the brainstem and occipital cortex of MDD patients [ 215 ]. Single-nucleus transcriptomic data analysis revealed OL dysregulation and the presence of novel OLs expressing immune properties in MDD patients [ 216 ]. It is expected that further elucidation of the interaction between OLs and neurons will provide novel insights into the pathology of MDD and suggest novel targets for intervention [ 217 ].…”