Interaction between longitudinal and circular muscle in intestine of cat

Connor, John A.; Kreulen, David L.; Prosser, C. Ladd; Weigel, R.J.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1977.sp012116

Cited by 49 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…The RMP gradient is impaired almost consistently in all studies that have used the mutant animals, separated one of the plexi from the circular muscle layer, or incubated naïve tissues with ACK2 or methylene blue (8,34,36,45,74,100,105,130,141,143,183). The resulting RMP is depolarized closer to that of the smooth muscle cells near the myenteric plexus in the colon and the submucosal plexus in the stomach and the small intestine.…”

Section: The Roles Of Icc In the Generation And Propagation Of Slow Wmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…3) Several studies during the 1960s and later found that the separation of the longitudinal muscle layer from the small intestine suppresses the slow-wave activity in the remaining circular smooth muscle cells (34,35,124,159). Initially, this finding had led to the conclusion that the longitudinal smooth muscle cells generate and propagate slow waves, and they also drive the slow waves in the circular smooth muscle cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Are interstitial cells of Cajal plurifunction cells in the gut?

Sarna¹

2008

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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The proposed functions of the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are to 1) pace the slow waves and regulate their propagation, 2) mediate enteric neuronal signals to smooth muscle cells, and 3) act as mechanosensors. In addition, impairments of ICC have been implicated in diverse motility disorders. This review critically examines the available evidence for these roles and offers alternate explanations. This review suggests the following: 1) The ICC may not pace the slow waves or help in their propagation. Instead, they may help in maintaining the gradient of resting membrane potential (RMP) through the thickness of the circular muscle layer, which stabilizes the slow waves and enhances their propagation. The impairment of ICC destabilizes the slow waves, resulting in attenuation of their amplitude and impaired propagation.2) The one-way communication between the enteric neuronal varicosities and the smooth muscle cells occurs by volume transmission, rather than by wired transmission via the ICC. 3) There are fundamental limitations for the ICC to act as mechanosensors.4) The ICC impair in numerous motility disorders. However, a cause-and-effect relationship between ICC impairment and motility dysfunction is not established. The ICC impair readily and transform to other cell types in response to alterations in their microenvironment, which have limited effects on motility function. Concurrent investigations of the alterations in slow-wave characteristics, excitationcontraction and excitation-inhibition couplings in smooth muscle cells, neurotransmitter synthesis and release in enteric neurons, and the impairment of the ICC are required to understand the etiologies of clinical motility disorders. smooth muscle; slow waves; enteric neurons; excitation-contraction coupling; peristaltic reflex; motility disorders; volume transmission; synaptic transmission, ICC THE INTERSTITIAL CELLS WERE characterized originally by Raymond V. Cajal (20,21). These cells got his attention and that of others because they are intercalated between the autonomic nerves and the effector cells. On the basis of the understanding of the interneuronal communication in the central nervous system (CNS) at that time, Cajal proposed that the intercalating cells [later called the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC)] mediate the transmission of signals from the autonomic neurons to the smooth muscle cells. A few years later, Keith (84) observed a collar of similar cells in the myenteric plexus of the rat ileocecal junction. He was looking for a pacemaker of the gut smooth muscle electrical activity because a few years earlier he had identified such a pacemaker in the sinoatrial node of the heart. He hypothesized that those interstitial cells were the pacemaker cells in the gut. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, several investigators described a plexus of the ICC within the myenteric and submucosal plexi of the small and large intestines. They also identified close connections between the enteric axonal varicosities and ICC processes on one side and g...

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Section: The Roles Of Icc In the Generation And Propagation Of Slow Wmentioning

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Are interstitial cells of Cajal plurifunction cells in the gut?

Sarna¹

2008

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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“…The mechanism of slow wave propagation in gastrointestinal circular muscles has been investigated before (Kobayashi, Nagai & Prosser, 1966;Bortoff & Sachs, 1970;Connor, Kreulen, Prosser & Weigel, 1977;Connor, Mangel & Nelson, 1979;Bortoff et al 1981). Bortoff and co-workers, using volume recordings, reported that intestinal slow waves spread electrotonically through the thickness of the circular muscle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow wave heterogeneity within the circular muscle of the canine gastric antrum.

Bauer¹,

Reed²,

Sanders³

1985

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. A bross-sectional preparation was designed in which multiple micro-electrodes can be precisely positioned to impale smooth muscle cells anywhere from the serosa to the submucosa.2. Intracellular electrical recordings were obtained from gastric antral circular muscle cells from the myenteric plexus to the submucosa.3. The resting membrane potential changed linearly as a function of distance from the myenteric plexus to the submucosa.4. Slow wave upstroke d V/dt, upstroke potential amplitude, and plateau potential amplitude changed linearly as a function of distance from the myenteric plexus to the submucosa.5. When slow waves were recorded simultaneously from a circular cell near the myenteric plexus and from a cell near the submucosa, the event always occurred first in the cell near the myenteric plexus.6. Electrical differences did not appear to be caused by electrotonic decay of slow waves as they propagated through the circular muscle.7. Electrical differences could not be explained on the basis ofdifferences in intrinsic neural activity or prostaglandin synthesis.8. Membrane polarization could not explain the differences in slow waves between myenteric and submucosal circular muscle cells.9. The conclusion of this paper is that fundamental differences exist between the excitability mechanisms and/or passive membrane properties of cells near the myenteric plexus and the submucosa. These differences might be manifest in different motor performance of these two muscle cell populations.

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“…It has been proposed by some authors that slow waves orginate from the longitudinal muscle cells and are transmitted to the circular muscle cells through passive electrotonic coupling (Bortoff, 1961(Bortoff, , 1965(Bortoff, , 1976Connor et al 1977). One aspect of this hypothesis was tested directly by comparing the size of electrotonic potentials between cells of the two layers at the same site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The longitudinal muscle cells display constant spiking activity and have a lower membrane potential than the circular muscle cells in both the guinea-pig small intestine (Suzuki & Kuriyama, 1975) and the rabbit jejunum (Kitamura, 1978). It has been suggested by some authors (Bortoff, 1961(Bortoff, , 1965Connor, Kreulen, Prosser & Weigel, 1977) that the two muscle layers of the small intestine are well coupled electrically and that slow waves originate from the longitudinal muscle and spread passively into the circular muscle. Some aspects of this hypothesis were tested directly in this study by comparing the effects of temperature and external stimulation on the slow wave activity of the two muscle layers, as well as the intrinsic neural factors that affect their activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of the smooth muscle layers of the rabbit duodenum.

Cheung¹,

Daniel²

1980

The Journal of Physiology

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4. Lowering the temperature from 36 to 30 'C caused a reduction in the membrane potential of the longitudinal muscle cells but not in the circular muscle cells. However, the amplitude of the slow waves of the two layers was reduced to a similar extent.5. Electrical stimulation produced advances of the slow wave cycles if the stimuli were applied between slow waves. The responses of the cells from the two layers were identical.6. Under normal conditions, electrotonic coupling was observed only in cells of the muscle layer whose long axis was aligned along the direction of the applied current.7. In the longitudinal muscle, cholinergic responses blocked by atropine were observed. Inhibitory junction potentials were the predominant response in the circular muscle.8. Excitatory responses were recorded in 9 % of the circular muscle cells. 'Off' excitation following termination of a train of repetitive stimulation pulses was also observed.9. The differences in membrane potentials, spontaneous spiking activities, neural responses, and the failure to demonstrate good electrotonic coupling between the muscle layers suggest that there was poor electrotonic interaction between the muscle layers. The amplitude of the slow waves of the two layers was nevertheless similar. Thus the validity of the hypothesis that slow waves were transmitted passively from the longitudinal layer into the circular layer through electrotonic coupling must be questioned.

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Interaction between longitudinal and circular muscle in intestine of cat

Cited by 49 publications

References 16 publications

Are interstitial cells of Cajal plurifunction cells in the gut?

Are interstitial cells of Cajal plurifunction cells in the gut?

Slow wave heterogeneity within the circular muscle of the canine gastric antrum.

Comparative study of the smooth muscle layers of the rabbit duodenum.

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