Interaction between human and robot

Abstract

This paper presents a human-robot interaction framework where a robot can infer implicit affective cues of a human and respond to them appropriately. Affective cues are inferred by the robot in real-time from physiological signals. A robot-based basketball game is designed where a robotic "coach" monitors the human participant's anxiety to dynamically reconfigure game parameters to allow skill improvement while maintaining desired anxiety levels. The results of the above-mentioned anxiety-based sessions are compared with performancebased sessions where in the latter sessions, the game is adapted only according to the player's performance. It was observed that 79% of the participants showed lower anxiety during anxiety-based session than in the performance-based session, 64% showed a greater improvement in performance after the anxiety-based session and 71% of the participants reported greater overall satisfaction during the anxiety-based sessions. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that the impact of real-time affective communication between a robot and a human has been demonstrated experimentally.

The effects of robot facial emotional expressions and gender on child–robot interaction in a field study

“…In developing the STA, we aim to further the understanding of humanrobot symbiotic interaction; symbiosis in this instance is defined as the capacity of the robot, and the person, to mutually influence each other in ways beneficial to the interaction and interaction task outcomes. Examples of symbiosis may include a robot reconfiguring task requirements in response to users' emotions (e.g., simplifying tasks to reduce user anxiety, Agrawal, Liu, & Sarkar, 2008) and users modifying behaviours in collaborative HRI tasks to better signal their intended actions (e.g., Charisi, et al, 2015). As such, symbiosis, in a social context, requires that the robot can interpret, and be responsive to, the behaviour and state of the person, and adapt its own actions appropriately.…”