Interaction between head fire and backfire in grasslands

Morvan, Dominique; Méradji, Sofiane; Mell, William E.

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2013.01.027

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…This effect highlights the occurrence of the flame-merging phenomenon where the heat released from the merged flame is higher than the heat released from the individual flames combined. A similar observation was made by Morvan et al (2013) who studied fire propagation through grasslands, where a spike in the heat release rate was reported at the time of flame merging between a head and a back fire. Fig.…”

Section: Zero Separation Distancesupporting

confidence: 76%

“…They concluded that this negative pressure is the cause of larger horizontal indrafts of ambient air, which in turn are the reason for the increase in the overall flame height. Morvan et al (2011Morvan et al ( , 2013 studied the interactions between two fire fronts (a head fire and a back fire) that propagate through a fuel bed, using a physics-based model. The motivation behind this research was from a firefighting standpoint, where a back fire is used to eliminate the fuel ahead of the main propagating fire front.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactions of fires of neighbouring shrubs in two- and three-shrub arrangements

Dahale

Shotorban

Mahalingam

2015

Int. J. Wildland Fire

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A physics-based computational model was utilised to better understand the interactions of fires generated by burning of neighbouring shrubs. The model included large-eddy simulation for flow field turbulence and a two-phase approach for the coupling of solid fuel and gas phases. Two different arrangements consisting of two and three identical shrubs placed adjacent to each other were considered. All shrubs were simultaneously ignited from their base with the aid of separate ground fuels. Both crown and ground fuels were modelled as porous media with thermophysical properties of chamise and excelsior respectively. Modelling results indicated that the peak mass-loss rate and the vertical fire spread rate within a shrub decrease when the shrub separation distance increases. At zero separation, heat release rate normalised by the number of shrubs is enhanced by 5 and 15% for the two-shrub and the three-shrub arrangements, respectively. Generation of strong vorticity by higher gravitational torque appeared to be the cause for enhanced burning in the threeshrub arrangement. This effect was seen to be much weaker for the two-shrub arrangement. Interactions between the individual fires cease for a centre-to-centre distance of 1.5 and 2 times the shrub diameter for the two-shrub and the threeshrub arrangement respectively.

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Section: Zero Separation Distancesupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of fires of neighbouring shrubs in two- and three-shrub arrangements

Dahale

Shotorban

Mahalingam

2015

Int. J. Wildland Fire

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“…FireStar3D/WFDS on one hand and FIRETEC on the other, can explain the difference in efficiency between these 3D codes and in their ability to simulate some particular configurations, such as backfire situations [52,53].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscript 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

A 3D physical model to study the behavior of vegetation fires at laboratory scale

Morvan

Accary

Méradji

et al. 2018

Fire Safety Journal

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A 3D multi-physical model referred to as "FireStar3D" has been developed in order to predict the behavior of wildfires at a local scale (< 500m). In the continuity of a previous work limited to 2D configurations, this model consists of solving the conservation equations of the coupled system composed of the vegetation and the surrounding gaseous medium. In particular, the model is able to account explicitly for all the mechanisms of degradation of the vegetation (by drying, pyrolysis, and heterogeneous combustion) and the various interactions between the gas mixture (ambient air + pyrolysis and combustion products) and the vegetation cover such as drag force, heat transfer by convection and radiation, and mass transfer. Compared to previous work, some new features were introduced in the modelling of the surface combustion of charcoal, the calculation of the heat transfer coefficient between the solid fuel particles and the surrounding atmosphere, and many improvements were brought to the numerical method to enable affordable 3D simulations. The partial validation of the model was based on some comparisons with experimental data collected at small scale fires carried out in the Missoula Fire Sciences Lab's wind tunnel, through various solid-fuel layers and in well controlled conditions. A relative good agreement was obtained for most of the simulations that were conducted. A parametric study of the dependence of the rate of spread on the wind speed and on the fuelbed characteristics is presented.

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“…This approach initially proposed by Grishin [7] has been extended with success to simulate in 2D and 3D the behaviour of surface and crown fires in numerous situations [8,9,10]. The solid phases representing the various solid fuel elements (foliage, twigs, trunk, etc.)…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of solid fuel particle size upon the propagation of a surface fire through a homogeneous vegetation layer

Morvan¹,

Lamorlette²

2014

Fire Saf. Sci.

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The aim of this paper is to investigate the role played by the size (thickness) of solid fuel particles upon both the heat transfer and the propagation of a surface fire through a homogeneous vegetation layer. Because all the interactions (mass, momentum, and heat transfer) between the solid fuel layer and the gas phase occur at the interface between these two media, the surface area to volume (SA/V) ratio (inversely proportional to the thickness of the solid fuel particles), which appears in the expression of the specific surface separating these two phases, must affect, more or less significantly, the fire dynamics. This problem has been studied numerically, using a multiphase formulation. Various variables, such as the temperature of the solid fuel, the temperature of the gas, the fire residence time and the heat flux by radiation and convection have been analyzed, in order to understand the role played by the SA/V upon the behaviour of the fire.

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Interaction between head fire and backfire in grasslands

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

Interactions of fires of neighbouring shrubs in two- and three-shrub arrangements

Interactions of fires of neighbouring shrubs in two- and three-shrub arrangements

A 3D physical model to study the behavior of vegetation fires at laboratory scale

Impact of solid fuel particle size upon the propagation of a surface fire through a homogeneous vegetation layer

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