Interaction between diet and sunlight exposure on vitamin D status in premenopausal women living in Southern England: preliminary analysis of the Vitamin D, Food Intake, Nutrition and Exposure to Sunlight in Southern England (D-FINES) Study

Darling, A. L.; Lovell, David P.; Lee, P. A.; Lee, W. T. K.; Berry, Jacqueline; Lanham-New, SA

doi:10.1017/s0029665109993132

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

2010

DOI: 10.1017/s0029665109993132

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Interaction between diet and sunlight exposure on vitamin D status in premenopausal women living in Southern England: preliminary analysis of the Vitamin D, Food Intake, Nutrition and Exposure to Sunlight in Southern England (D-FINES) Study

A. L. Darling

David P. Lovell

P. A. Lee

et al.

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“…We have just completed a 48-month FSA-funded study (known as the D-FINES study) in which we show that South Asian women were vitamin D deficient for the entire year and Caucasian women were below 50 nmol/l during the winter months (1). In a parallel study in Aberdeen, post-menopausal Caucasian Scottish women had a 10 nmol/l lower 25OHD status in comparison with post-menopausal Caucasian women living in Southern England (2). These results are further confirmed in the Forest Plots as shown in Fig.…”

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Vitamin D₂v. vitamin D₃ supplementation in raising 25OHD status: preliminary findings of a meta-analysis

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There is growing evidence for the positive effects of vitamin D in reducing risk from disease and all cause mortality. This has increased our awareness of the need for evidence-based strategies to redress the high prevalence of low vitamin D status in the UK. We have just completed a 48-month FSA-funded study (known as the D-FINES study) in which we show that South Asian women were vitamin D deficient for the entire year and Caucasian women were below 50 nmol/l during the winter months (1). In a parallel study in Aberdeen, post-menopausal Caucasian Scottish women had a 10 nmol/l lower 25OHD status in comparison with post-menopausal Caucasian women living in Southern England (2). While food fortification is a sustainable solution for the prevention of vitamin D deficiency, the Food Industry needs to determine the most effective means of carriage, optimal concentration and chemical form of vitamin D if it is to maximise the effectiveness of fortification. The aim of this study was to undertake a meta-analysis of vitamin D 2 v. These results are further confirmed in the Forest Plots as shown in Fig. 1. Further analysis of the meta-analysis data is currently underway but these data suggest that vitamin D 3 is a superior form of vitamin D for raising 25HOD status.

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Vitamin D₂v. vitamin D₃ supplementation in raising 25OHD status: preliminary findings of a meta-analysis

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Evidence of a detrimental effect of low vitamin D status on markers of cardiovascular health in the Vitamin D, Food Intake, Nutrition and Exposure to Sunlight in southern England (D-FINES) Study population: ethnic and age influences

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There are clear associations between vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance, b-cell dysfunction and reduced insulin secretion. There are also data linking vitamin D 'insufficiency' as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome, hypertension and diabetes, all of which may clarify its association with increased CVD. These associations are particularly apparent in Asian groups and may underlie the considerable predisposition to CVD in this group. Poor vitamin D status may hence be associated with raised total cholesterol and inversely related to the serum concentration of cardio-protective HDL, although limited data on UK populations are available.The D-FINES Study is currently investigating the interaction between diet and sunlight exposure on vitamin D status in Caucasian and Asian women aged 19-70 (mean 48.0 (SD 14.3)) years living in southern England. Fasted blood samples were collected at three-monthly intervals from summer 2006 to spring 2007 from a total of 279 Caucasian and ninety-four Asian women and dietary intake was assessed during these periods using 4 d estimated food records. Women were recruited through general practice or through Asian community networks in Woking, Kingston and Thornton Health. The aim of the present subsidiary study was to examine the relationship between summer vitamin D status and serum lipid profiles (serum TAG and HDL) and insulin. As shown in the Table, the mean serum 25-OHD level was significantly lower in Asian women compared with Caucasian women (P < 0.0001). The mean BMI was 26.0 (SD 4.77) kg/m 2 for Caucasian women and 27.8 (SD 5.70) kg/m 2 for Asian women. There was a higher TAG in Asian women compared with Caucasian women (P < 0.001) and higher HDL in Caucasian women than in Asian women (P < 0.002). Insulin levels were significantly higher in the Asian women (P < 0.001). Significant negative correlations were found between markers of cardiovascular health and 25OHD status in all groups combined and then specifically in the Caucasian women but not in the Asian women. Blunting of 25OHD levels, i.e. severe vitamin D deficiency, has been previously noted in Asian women with having a 25OHD level of < 25 nmol/l (depending on seasons) (1) and may explain the lack of association between 25OHD and markers of cardiovascular health. The present findings are a cause for concern and warrant further investigation.

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Interaction between diet and sunlight exposure on vitamin D status in premenopausal women living in Southern England: preliminary analysis of the Vitamin D, Food Intake, Nutrition and Exposure to Sunlight in Southern England (D-FINES) Study

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Vitamin D₂v. vitamin D₃ supplementation in raising 25OHD status: preliminary findings of a meta-analysis

Vitamin D₂v. vitamin D₃ supplementation in raising 25OHD status: preliminary findings of a meta-analysis

Evidence of a detrimental effect of low vitamin D status on markers of cardiovascular health in the Vitamin D, Food Intake, Nutrition and Exposure to Sunlight in southern England (D-FINES) Study population: ethnic and age influences

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Interaction between diet and sunlight exposure on vitamin D status in premenopausal women living in Southern England: preliminary analysis of the Vitamin D, Food Intake, Nutrition and Exposure to Sunlight in Southern England (D-FINES) Study

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Vitamin D2v. vitamin D3 supplementation in raising 25OHD status: preliminary findings of a meta-analysis

Vitamin D2v. vitamin D3 supplementation in raising 25OHD status: preliminary findings of a meta-analysis

Evidence of a detrimental effect of low vitamin D status on markers of cardiovascular health in the Vitamin D, Food Intake, Nutrition and Exposure to Sunlight in southern England (D-FINES) Study population: ethnic and age influences

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Vitamin D₂v. vitamin D₃ supplementation in raising 25OHD status: preliminary findings of a meta-analysis

Vitamin D₂v. vitamin D₃ supplementation in raising 25OHD status: preliminary findings of a meta-analysis