Interaction between cadmium and atrazine during uptake by rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract

The uptake of atrazine by rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.) through plant roots from nutrient solution was investigated in the presence and absence of Cd 2+ over an exposure period of four weeks. It was found that both atrazine and Cd 2+ were toxic to rice seedlings. Both shoot and root biomasses decreased when the seedlings were exposed to increasing atrazine or Cd 2+ concentrations in nutrient solutions. In the absence of Cd 2+ , a linear relationship was observed between atrazine concentrations in roots/shoots and in external solution, and more atrazine is concentrated in roots than in shoots. When atrazine and Cd 2+ concentrations in solution were maintained at mole ratio of 1:1, the accumulation of atrazine by seedlings was less and the seedling biomass was greater than found with other ratios, such as 1:2 or 2:1. Therefore, the formation of the complex between atrazine and Cd 2+ reduced the individual toxicities. Analyses of data with the quasi-equilibrium partition model indicated that the atrazine concentrations in rice seedlings and external water were close to equilibrium. In the presence of Cd 2+ , however, the measured bioconcentration factor (BCF) of atrazine with roots and shoots were considerably greater. The latter findings resulted presumably from the atrazine-Cd 2+ complex formation that led to a large apparent BCF.

Effect of cadmium alone and in combination with butachlor on soil enzymes

“…1.). In agreement with our results Su et al (2005) found that when atrazine and Cd 2+ concentrations in solution were maintained at mole ratios of 1:1, 1:2 or 2:1, the interaction between atrazine and Cd 2+ was different. More experimentation should be considered to better understand the mechanisms underlying the different ratio of butachlor and Cd concentration in soils.…”

“…The effect of combined pollution depends on the constituents of the mixture and may vary significantly (Jensen & Sverdrup, 2002). In many cases, HM and herbicides are frequently found together as contaminants in soils (Su, Zhu, Lin, & Zhang, 2005). Although numerous papers have dealt with the toxicity and fate of Cd and butachlor (Landi, Renella, Moreno, Falchini, & Nannipieri, 2000;Min et al 2002;Sapna, Natarajan, & Govindaswamy, 1995), few studies have focused on their effects as mixtures.…”

A collection of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes involved in modification and detoxification of herbicide atrazine in rice (Oryza sativa) plants

“…However, the wide-use and persistent residues of herbicides in soils have brought about great concerns on toxic impacts on plant growth, development and crop productivity (Su et al, 2005;Sathiakumar et al, 2011;Lu et al, 2013). Fortunately, plants have evolved sophisticated strategies to cope with the adverse effects of herbicide by attenuating the phytotoxicity (Kawahigashi, 2009).…”

“…Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethyamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine, ATR) belongs to the triazine herbicide family that controls many broadleaf and grassy weeds in areas of graminaceous crop production such as corns and sorghums (Su et al, 2005). The action mode of atrazine is the selective repression of photosynthesis II by blocking the electron transport to generate reactive oxygen species (Anderson and Zhu, 2004).…”

Tracing the behaviour of hexachlorobenzene in a paddy soil-rice system over a growth season

“…Contamination of plants, especially the food crops, which serve as the first link of the food-chain process, influences human health closely as they are more susceptible to contamination by pollutants in soil (Mclachlan, 1996;Su et al, 2005a;Su et al, 2005b;Zhu, 2005, 2006). Thus, HCB contamination of crops deserves attention.…”