Interaction between age of irradiation and age of testing in the disruption of operant performance using a ground-based model for exposure to cosmic rays

Rabin, Bernard M.; Joseph, James A.; Shukitt‐Hale, Barbara; Carrihill-Knoll, Kirsty L.

doi:10.1007/s11357-011-9226-4

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…For all particles tested, exposure to HZE particles and protons produced a disruption of recognition memory. An apparent exception was with the experiment exposing younger subjects to 12 C particles. However, only three of the ten non-irradiated controls met the criteria (25 -30 sec exploration time) so that the results cannot be accepted as completely accurate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar results have been obtained when older rats (7 -18 months of age) have been exposed 56 Fe particles. The doses needed to disrupt performance of older rats on operant responding (a measure of motivation to respond to changes in reinforcement contingencies [12]) and on plus-maze performance (a measure of baseline anxiety levels [16]) are significantly lower than the doses needed to disrupt the performance of younger rats. Also similar to previous results [11] is the observation (Figure 1) that once threshold is reached it is possible that a higher dose will not disrupt performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In those experiments it was noted that the effectiveness of different particles (e.g., 16 O and 56 Fe) in disrupting the performance of young subjects varied as a function of particle LET, such that lower doses of 16 O or 12 C particles were needed to disrupt performance than was needed for 56 Fe particles. The present results show that this pattern of effectiveness was seen with the older subjects as well: the threshold doses needed to recognition memory was lower for the lower LET particles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the long-term consequences of exposure to HZE particles and the relationship to the short-term effects remain to be fully determined. Research to-date using operant responding on an ascending fixed-ratio schedule (which measures the responsiveness of the organism to changes in environmental stimuli and their motivation to respond to changes in reinforcement schedules) and a single HZE particle ( 56 Fe) has shown that cognitive performance following exposure to HZE particles is a function of both the time since exposure [11] as well as age of irradiation [12]. These results suggest that exposure to doses of HZE particles that are not high enough to affect cognitive performance at the time of exposure, may affect performance at some later time.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of Age on the Disruption of Cognitive Performance by Exposure to Space Radiation

Rabin¹,

Shukitt‐Hale²,

Carrihill-Knoll³

2014

JBBS

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Exposure to low doses of heavy particles and protons, which will be encountered during long-term exploratory class missions to other planets, can cause deficits in cognitive performance. These deficits are similar to those observed in aged animals. The long-term effects of such exposures and their relationship to the short-term effects and to aging remain to be established. Two-month old rats were exposed to a variety of heavy particles and protons. Recognition memory was tested at two time points following irradiation. The results showed that exposure to doses of radiation that did not disrupt cognitive performance in the younger animals, disrupted performance when the subjects were re-tested at an older age. These results indicate that there is an interaction between the age of the organism and the effects of exposure to space radiation on cognitive performance, such that exposure to doses of heavy particles or protons that may not produce an initial effect on cognitive performance may produce an effect as the organism ages. Because of the interaction between exposure to the types of radiation encountered in space and age, it is possible that participating in exploratory class missions may have consequences for the quality of life after the conclusion of the mission.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Age on the Disruption of Cognitive Performance by Exposure to Space Radiation

Rabin¹,

Shukitt‐Hale²,

Carrihill-Knoll³

2014

JBBS

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“…While it is important to perform studies in fully mature, astronaut age-equivalent animals (69), we performed the current studies in young adult mice to enable a better comparison with the vast majority of published neurogenesis work, which focused on approximately 2-month-old rodents that are exposed to space radiation (15–18, 70). In our work presented here, 28 Si radiation was shown to dose-dependently decrease DG proliferation (Ki67 + cell numbers) and neurogenesis (DCX + cell numbers) in the short term.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-Body Exposure to²⁸Si-Radiation Dose-Dependently Disrupts Dentate Gyrus Neurogenesis and Proliferation in the Short Term and New Neuron Survival and Contextual Fear Conditioning in the Long Term

et al. 2017

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Astronauts traveling to Mars will be exposed to chronic low doses of galactic cosmic space radiation, which contains highly charged, high-energy (HZE) particles. 56Fe-HZE-particle exposure decreases hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) neurogenesis and disrupts hippocampal function in young adult rodents, raising the possibility of impaired astronaut cognition and risk of mission failure. However, far less is known about how exposure to other HZE particles, such as 28Si, influences hippocampal neurogenesis and function. To compare the influence of 28Si exposure on indices of neurogenesis and hippocampal function with previous studies on 56Fe exposure, 9-week-old C57BL/6J and Nestin-GFP mice (NGFP; made and maintained for 10 or more generations on a C57BL/6J background) received whole-body 28Si-particle-radiation exposure (0, 0.2 and 1 Gy, 300 MeV/n, LET 67 KeV/µ, dose rate 1 Gy/min). For neurogenesis assessment, the NGFP mice were injected with the mitotic marker BrdU at 22 h postirradiation and brains were examined for indices of hippocampal proliferation and neurogenesis, including Ki67+, BrdU+, BrdU+NeuN+ and DCX+ cell numbers at short- and long-term time points (24 h and 3 months postirradiation, respectively). In the short-term group, stereology revealed fewer Ki67+, BrdU+ and DCX+ cells in 1-Gy-irradiated group relative to nonirradiated control mice, fewer Ki67+ and DCX+ cells in 0.2 Gy group relative to control group and fewer BrdU+ and DCX+ cells in 1 Gy group relative to 0.2 Gy group. In contrast to the clearly observed radiation-induced, dose-dependent reductions in the short-term group across all markers, only a few neurogenesis indices were changed in the long-term irradiated groups. Notably, there were fewer surviving BrdU+ cells in the 1 Gy group relative to 0- and 0.2-Gy-irradiated mice in the long-term group. When the short- and long-term groups were analyzed by sex, exposure to radiation had a similar effect on neurogenesis indices in male and female mice, although only male mice showed fewer surviving BrdU+ cells in the long-term group. Fluorescent immunolabeling and confocal phenotypic analysis revealed that most surviving BrdU+ cells in the long-term group expressed the neuronal marker NeuN, definitively confirming that exposure to 1 Gy 28Si radiation decreased the number of surviving adult-generated neurons in male mice relative to both 0- and 0.2-Gy-irradiated mice. For hippocampal function assessment, 9-week-old male C57BL/6J mice received whole-body 28Si-particle exposure and were then assessed long-term for performance on contextual and cued fear conditioning. In the context test the animals that received 0.2 Gy froze less relative to control animals, suggesting decreased hippocampal-dependent function. However, in the cued fear conditioning test, animals that received 1 Gy froze more during the pretone portion of the test, relative to controls and 0.2-Gy-irradiated mice, suggesting enhanced anxiety. Compared to previously reported studies, these data suggest that 28Si-radiation exposure damag...

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Individual variations in dose response for spatial memory learning among outbred wistar rats exposed from 5 to 20 cGy of ⁵⁶Fe particles

Wyrobek

Britten

2016

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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Exposures of brain tissue to ionizing radiation can lead to persistent deficits in cognitive functions and behaviors. However, little is known about the quantitative relationships between exposure dose and neurological risks, especially for lower doses and among genetically diverse individuals. We investigated the dose relationship for spatial memory learning among genetically outbred male Wistar rats exposed to graded doses of (56) Fe particles (sham, 5, 10, 15, and 20 cGy; 1 GeV/n). Spatial memory learning was assessed on a Barnes maze using REL3 ratios measured at three months after exposure. Irradiated animals showed dose-dependent declines in spatial memory learning that were fit by a linear regression (P for slope <0.0002). The irradiated animals showed significantly impaired learning at 10 cGy exposures, no detectable learning between 10 and 15 cGy, and worsened performances between 15 and 20 cGy. The proportions of poor learners and the magnitude of their impairment were fit by linear regressions with doubling doses of ∼10 cGy. In contrast, there were no detectable deficits in learning among the good learners in this dose range. Our findings suggest that genetically diverse individuals can vary substantially in their spatial memory learning, and that exposures at low doses appear to preferentially impact poor learners. This hypothesis invites future investigations of the genetic and physiological mechanisms of inter-individual variations in brain function related to spatial memory learning after low-dose HZE radiation exposures and to determine whether it also applies to physical trauma to brain tissue and exposures to chemical neurotoxicants. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:331-340, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Interaction between age of irradiation and age of testing in the disruption of operant performance using a ground-based model for exposure to cosmic rays

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of Age on the Disruption of Cognitive Performance by Exposure to Space Radiation

Effects of Age on the Disruption of Cognitive Performance by Exposure to Space Radiation

Whole-Body Exposure to²⁸Si-Radiation Dose-Dependently Disrupts Dentate Gyrus Neurogenesis and Proliferation in the Short Term and New Neuron Survival and Contextual Fear Conditioning in the Long Term

Individual variations in dose response for spatial memory learning among outbred wistar rats exposed from 5 to 20 cGy of ⁵⁶Fe particles

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Interaction between age of irradiation and age of testing in the disruption of operant performance using a ground-based model for exposure to cosmic rays

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of Age on the Disruption of Cognitive Performance by Exposure to Space Radiation

Effects of Age on the Disruption of Cognitive Performance by Exposure to Space Radiation

Whole-Body Exposure to28Si-Radiation Dose-Dependently Disrupts Dentate Gyrus Neurogenesis and Proliferation in the Short Term and New Neuron Survival and Contextual Fear Conditioning in the Long Term

Individual variations in dose response for spatial memory learning among outbred wistar rats exposed from 5 to 20 cGy of 56Fe particles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Whole-Body Exposure to²⁸Si-Radiation Dose-Dependently Disrupts Dentate Gyrus Neurogenesis and Proliferation in the Short Term and New Neuron Survival and Contextual Fear Conditioning in the Long Term

Individual variations in dose response for spatial memory learning among outbred wistar rats exposed from 5 to 20 cGy of ⁵⁶Fe particles