Interaction Analysis and Sustainable Development Strategy between Port and City: The Case of Liaoning

Abstract

Although port-city interaction and sustainability are becoming increasingly essential, prospering regional economy and facilitating international shipping trade, problems of their mismatch and incoordination have also been aroused. Thus, research on their relationship is necessary to generate profound enlightenment on how to achieve healthy and benign development for ports and cities. In this paper, a typical Chinese port-city group, six ports and their corresponding port cities in Liaoning are selected as research objects. Firstly, a grey relative relational model and a coupling coordination degree model based on entropy weight method are applied to analyse the port-city interactive trend and degree as well as exploring the relative impacts among internal factors in port and city subsystems. Then, a sustainability analysis box of correlation–coordination is constructed to further investigate the sustainable development status. Finally, strategies for the port-city sustainable development are proposed. The results indicate the six port-city systems have not strongly correlated and are in the stage of coordinated development. Only Dalian and Yingkou have realized sustainable development. Thus, there is still much room for improvement. Measures such as resources integration and dislocation development should be taken into account to optimize the sustainable and coordinated development of the port-city systems.

Spatial–Temporal Differentiation and Trend Prediction of Coupling Coordination Degree of Port Environmental Efficiency and Urban Economy: A Case Study of the Yangtze River Delta

“…Only a few scholars have used the CCD model to discuss port-city synergistic effects. Liu et al [52] measured port-city interactions in Liaoning. Guo and Qin [53] constructed a port-city network system to evaluate the theoretical framework and measurement methods of port-city synergistic relationships from the perspective of mobility space.…”

The development of a grey relational analysis-based composite index for environmental sustainability assessment: Towards a net-zero emissions strategy in Saudi Arabia

“…The advantage of this method lies in its strength of generating a good outcome with a limited dataset without undermining normal distribution [ 40 ]. The pragmatic utilization of the model in extant studies includes but are not limited to ranking sustainable development strategy [ 41 ], sustainable urban development [ 38 ], and sustainability performance [ 42 ]. In this study, the GRA was incorporated into the design of the proposed framework and composite index for computing the grey relational degree matrix (i.e., the correlation between the selected case study and the selected indicators based on the available dataset).…”

Port City Sustainability: A Review of Its Research Trends

“…Xiao and Lam [10] used the system theory to develop a system framework for the sustainable development of port cities, based on economic, social and environmental standards, in order to analyze the relationship between the port and city of Singapore. Liu et al [48] used a grey relative relational model and a coupling coordination degree model to analyze the degree of interaction and the coordination trends between the comprehensive development levels of port cities.…”