Inter-sectoral carbon ties and final demand in a high climate risk country: The case of Pakistan

Sajid, Muhammad Jawad

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122254

Cited by 30 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The dismantling of cross-sectoral environmental ties enables us to ascertain the primary sources and destinations of a country's environmental (carbon) impacts [40,44]. The construction sector's demand was the primary source of fossil fuel consumption at other upstream sectors.…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blanco and Thaler [39] calculated the inter-sectoral water connections in Spain's Castile and León regions. Sajid [40] figured the CO 2 embedded in inter-sectoral linkages and final demand in Pakistan, taking the country's high climate risk into account. Sajid et al [41] estimated the supply side impact of labor and capital in China, the United States of America, and India on promoting sectoral carbon linkages.…”

Section: Different Business Sectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Coal, Petroleum, and Gas Embedded in the Sectoral Demand-and-Supply Chain: Evidence from China

Sajid

Rehman

2022

Sustainability

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The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number seven expressly calls for universal access to affordable and sustainable energy. Energy sustainability will require a reduction in energy consumption, including embedded energy consumption in sectoral demand and supply chains. However, few studies have estimated the amount of coal, petroleum, and gas (fossil fuel) embedded in demand-and-supply chains (FFEDS). Furthermore, the inter-and intra-sectoral energy linkages are understudied. This study quantifies China’s FFEDS, the world’s largest energy consumer. According to the findings, the highest levels of coal, natural gas, and petroleum consumption (CNGPC) are embedded in the construction sector’s input demand. “Electricity and steam production and supply” total intermediate exports (internal plus inter-sectoral) stimulated the highest coal consumption. “Crude petroleum products and natural gas products” and “railway freight transport” aggregate supplies induced the highest volume of natural gas and petroleum consumption. Compared to intra-sectoral demand, inter-sectoral demand stimulated significantly larger CNGPCs. In contrast, CNGPC’s inter- and inter-sectoral supplies were nearly identical. Modifying current carbon taxation and credit mechanisms to include energy embedded in demand and supply can help to achieve SDG 7.

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Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Different Business Sectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Coal, Petroleum, and Gas Embedded in the Sectoral Demand-and-Supply Chain: Evidence from China

Sajid

Rehman

2022

Sustainability

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“…It is universally known that logistics is the backbone of the courier, express, and parcel (CEP) industry, an industry with a major impact on the carbon footprint of a country [1]. While production and consumption-side strategies may be used to address the carbon footprint [3], the former strategies do not consider the environmental impact of consumer choice, use, discard, and growth [4]. Green logistics aligns the logistical roles of transport, storage, and packaging with the environmental objectives of mitigating resource use and pollution [1,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A methodologically sound survey of Chinese consumers’ willingness to participate in courier, express, and parcel companies’ green logistics

et al. 2021

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The environmental footprint of courier, express, and parcel (CEP) logistics is significant and growing, owing to increased e-commerce. Consumer willingness to participate in the green logistics of CEPs, however, has been understudied. This study addresses this knowledge gap by surveying 155 Chinese consumers about their willingness to participate in CEP green logistics. Additionally, this research identifies some technical issues with previous survey research. Three main factors were extracted after the data were tested for reliability and validity using exploratory factor analysis with principal axis factor extraction and confirmatory factor analysis with diagonally weighted least squares. Consumer willingness is positively correlated with economic (8 items), operational (3 items), and social (3 items) factors, with a statistical significance of p < 0.001. Of all the factors, the strongest correlation, 0.67 (95% CI = 0.57, 0.75; p < 0.001; N = 155), exists between economic factors and consumer willingness. The results of a multinomial logistic regression analysis suggest that all consumers are highly unlikely to participate in economic factors, while they are highly likely to positively commit to operational and social factors. Therefore, it is recommended that the government provides monetary incentives to CEP companies to adopt green logistics, such as tax reductions and subsidies, to reduce the costs of green logistics. Meanwhile, the CEP industry could provide some direct and indirect incentives to consumers to re-use, recycle, and share materials, and to spend time learning about express enterprises’ green logistics, to increase consumer participation in economic factors.

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“…However, in the Braskem site there is a video where the information is that each ton of green ethene removes 4.75 ton of CO 2 from the environment and this value will be used in this case study for the calculation of carbon credits owed by the green ethene production [11]. Case studies of specific countries or companies are interesting to evaluate clean technologies worldwide [11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investments in Braskem Green Polymers: Extraordinary Profits Instead of Decarbonization of the Environment

Hellvig¹,

Flores-Sahagun²

2021

IJSDR

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This paper presents an evaluation with the use of patentometry of how the technologies for the production and use of green polyethylenes (HDPE -high density polyethylene and LLDPE -linear low density polyethylene) and green polypropylene evolved from 1999 to 2017. The results of this research enabled to identify companies that invested in technologies for the production of green polyethylenes (PEs) and polypropylene and the reasons for the fall in investment in R&D in the period studied. The fundamental reason for selecting Braskem for the case study is that although the company is not the largest patent holder for the technology considered, it is the only company that commercially produces green PEs in the world. Although the performance of green and fossil nominally same PEs are equivalent, commercial clients may use blends of up to 51% of green polyethylene and 49% of fossil polyethylene and still have the right to use the I'm green TM label. Moreover, the marketing which involves the sale of green PEs to companies that use polymers with the "I'm Green TM " label from Braskem appeals to environmental conscious consumers and places these companies in a noticeable position. The LOX (Sarbanes Oxley Law) is an agreement between world stock exchanges which provides for good governance, that is, the transparency of financial acts. In Brazil, it is observed in the São Paulo Stock Exchange (B3) the lack of rigorous inspection in the inventories of emission of green stocks by companies. There is no transparency in how carbon credits were gained and in the AIS -Annual Income Statement of green stocks BRKM5. As a result, this led to the investigation that culminated in the analysis of green PEs as commodities in the financial market as well as relations concerning the investors in the green stock market (BRKM5). The Annual Income Statement -AISs from 2010, when Braskem started production of green PEs, until 2018, show there was growth of revenues. Despite of the production of PEs have continued stable and the number of green PEs patents have decreased since 2014, the profits with the BRKM5 stocks increased and in 2018 extraordinary profits were obtained. In 2012 the average share price of BRKM5 was R$13.27 and in 2018, the average price reached R$ 48.93 per share, representing an increase of 268% and extraordinary profits.

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Inter-sectoral carbon ties and final demand in a high climate risk country: The case of Pakistan

Cited by 30 publications

References 61 publications

The Coal, Petroleum, and Gas Embedded in the Sectoral Demand-and-Supply Chain: Evidence from China

The Coal, Petroleum, and Gas Embedded in the Sectoral Demand-and-Supply Chain: Evidence from China

A methodologically sound survey of Chinese consumers’ willingness to participate in courier, express, and parcel companies’ green logistics

Investments in Braskem Green Polymers: Extraordinary Profits Instead of Decarbonization of the Environment

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