Inter-relationships between Polymer/Crosslinker Chemistry and Performance in Fracturing Fluids

Abstract

Me;chant, Indian Gum IndustriesLtd. -Copyrfght 1993, ScciaW c1 Petroleum ErsJi-, Ine l%is paper was ppared fcs p_esdatkm d the 199S SPE India Oil and Gas Ccmference and Exhilsition held in New Oelhi, India, 17-19 Febiuary 199S. mls pqar wassetectad fcf -Won by an SPE Progmn Ccmmttee fdlcrtmw rak%w C# Irhrnabon ccmtainad in en afxtract wt.sn Ktsd by tha authcx( s). Contents c1 tha paper, as IXUSemted, have not lSeaiI rwiewad by tfm Sm"efy d Patrdwn Er@aers and am sukjad to ccnwtian by the adhor(s). lla matertal, as prwJented does not nacaasarily raflact rny puedtcm d the Sodety of Petmlsun Er@aers, its dfii, or manbers Papers p'aaanted at SPE medngs are sukisd 10 pb!katii 'm-w by Edtwial Canmiltaes cf 6W Sceiaty cf Patroksn EWinears Eledrcmii rqwdwlion, cistn%utii, or storaga C4 any WI c# this paper fc$ canm.amaal FWPSeS witmut ths wittsm ccmsent of tha SMe4y cf Petmlmsn Eng-is prchibitad Parmiaeion to mprcska in print is ruetrided to an s&tract of not mwe than WO wwds, diust-may not ba * ma abstrad must cxxtam wrwicwwa ac+mwk@ant d wfwre end bywfwn ths papar was presanted Write Librarian, SPE, PO. 00s S3383S. RMards'al, 7x 7X833336, U. S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractFracturing fluid systems based on the natural polymer guar, or its derivatives, erosslinked with boron or certain transition metals, such as zirconium, have become the staples of the pumping services industry worldwide. It has been estimated that in North Ameriea alone, one billion gallons of fracturing fluid were pumped in 1997. These fluid systems have been designed to operate over a w-de pH range and at temperatures to 400T [about 200W] by the appropriate choice of polymer, erosslinker, stabilizer and buffkr. Not only has it become apparent that the same fi-aeturing fluid composition is not suitable over such a wide range of application% but it is also becoming increasingly apparent that seemingly identical fluid compositions yield different results.This paper is the result of a systematic effort to demonstrate some of the reasons why seeming~y identical fi-aeturing fluid compositions may produce considerably diffit results, and the steps that may be taken to minimize the odds of making an undesirable choice.

Synthesis and properties of organoboron functionalized nanocellulose for crosslinking low polymer fracturing fluid system

“… 6,7 Gelling of the fracturing fluid is formed by combining crosslinker included boric acid, borates, and boron derivatives and zirconium and titanium complexes with thickeners. 8,9 In order to control the crosslinking time and minimize the residue of fracturing fluid, organic boron is usually selected as the crosslinker of guar gum fracturing fluid. 10,11 However, boron compounds cross-link guar only at alkaline pH (>9.5), and the cross-linking process needs to use a larger amount of organoboron and thickener to meet the construction requirements.…”

A Single Additive Non-ionic System for Frac Packing Offers Operators a Small Equipment Footprint and High Compatibility with Brines and Crude Oils

“…The fracturing industry has focused on polymer-based fracturing fluids as their chemistry of choice for years 1 . The benefits of high viscosity and proppant placement have outweighed the disadvantages of formation damage and fluid complexity and sensitivity.…”