Inter-Population Genetic Diversity and Clustering of Merozoite Surface Protein-1 (pkmsp-1) of Plasmodium knowlesi Isolates from Malaysia and Thailand

Noordin, Naqib Rafieqin; Lau, Yee Ling; Cheong, Fei Wen; Fong, Mun Yik

doi:10.3390/tropicalmed8050285

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Oligonucleotide primers (Table 1) were designed for the nested PCR amplification of the two allelic families within block IV of Pkmsp-1 (Noordin et al, 2023). The primer pairs for the primary amplification flanked the block IV region.…”

Section: Genotyping Of Pkmsp-1 Block IVmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a genetic diversity analysis on the polymorphic blocks revealed block IV as the most polymorphic with the highest insertion-deletion (indel) rates. Furthermore, two distinct allelic family types (T1 and T2) were identified within this block, thereby highlighting this block as a promising genotyping marker for MOI study of P. knowlesi malaria (Noordin et al, 2023). The present study aimed to investigate the usefulness Pkmsp-1 block IV in assessing MOI of P. knowlesi among clinical isolates from Malaysia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Multiplicity of infection of Plasmodium knowlesi in Malaysia: an application of Pkmsp-1 block IV

N.R.

2023

Trop Biomed

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In Malaysia presently, the main cause of human malaria is by the zoonotic monkey parasite Plasmodium knowlesi. A previous study has suggested that the P. knowlesi merozoite surface protein 1 (Pkmsp-1) block IV to be a suitable multiplicity of infection (MOI) genotyping marker for knowlesi malaria. This study therefore aimed to investigate the usefulness of Pkmsp-1 block IV in assessing the MOI of P. knowlesi in clinical isolates from Malaysia. Two allele-specific PCR primer pairs targeting the two allelic families of block IV (T1 and T2) were designed, and used to genotype P. knowlesi in 200 blood samples (100 from Peninsular Malaysia and 100 from Malaysian Borneo). Results showed that the mean MOI in Malaysian Borneo was slightly higher as compared to Peninsular Malaysia (1.58 and 1.40, respectively). Almost half of the total blood samples from Malaysian Borneo (52%) had polyclonal infections (i.e., more than one allele of any family type) as compared to Peninsular Malaysia (33%) samples. The T1 allelic family was more prevalent in Peninsular Malaysia (n=75) than in Malaysian Borneo (n=60). The T2 allelic family, however, was more prevalent in the Malaysian Borneo (n=87 vs n=53 respectively). This study shows that the single locus Pkmsp-1 block IV can serve as a simple alternative genetic marker for estimating knowlesi malaria MOI in a population. Future MOI studies should focus on macaque populations as macaques are the natural host of P. knowlesi.

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Section: Genotyping Of Pkmsp-1 Block IVmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Multiplicity of infection of Plasmodium knowlesi in Malaysia: an application of Pkmsp-1 block IV

N.R.

2023

Trop Biomed

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Declining Genetic Polymorphisms of the C-terminus Merozoite Surface Protein-1 Amidst IncreasedPlasmodium knowlesiTransmission in Thailand

Tapaopong,

Chainarin,

Mala

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Recent reports from Thailand reveal a substantial surge inPlasmodium knowlesicases over the past decade, with a more than eightfold increase in incidence by 2023 compared to 2018. This study investigates temporal changes in genetic polymorphism associated with the escalating transmission ofP. knowlesimalaria in Thailand over the past two decades. Twenty-fiveP. knowlesisamples collected in 2018–2023 were sequenced for the 42-kDa region ofpkmsp1and compared with 24 samples collected in 2000–2009, focusing on nucleotide diversity, natural selection, recombination rate, and population differentiation. Seven unique haplotypes were identified in recent samples, compared to 15 in earlier samples. Nucleotide and haplotype diversities were lower in recent samples (π = 0.016, Hd = 0.817) than in earlier samples (π = 0.018, Hd = 0.942). Significantly higher synonymous substitution rates were observed in both sample sets (dS– dN= 2.77 and 2.43, p < 0.05), indicating purifying selection and reduced genetic diversity over time. Additionally, 8 out of 17 mutation points were located on B-cell epitopes, suggesting an adaptive response by the parasites to evade immune recognition. Population differentiation analysis using the fixation index (Fst) revealed high genetic differentiation between parasite populations in central and southern Thailand or Malaysia. Conversely, the relatively lower Fstvalue between southern Thailand and Malaysia suggests a closer genetic relationship, possibly reflecting historical gene flow. In conclusion, our findings highlight a decline in genetic diversity and evidence of purifying selection associated with the recently increased incidence ofP. knowlesimalaria in Thailand. The minor genetic differentiation betweenP. knowlesipopulations from southern Thailand and Malaysia suggests a shared recent ancestry of these parasites and underscores the need for coordinated efforts between the two countries for the elimination ofP. knowlesi.

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Inter-Population Genetic Diversity and Clustering of Merozoite Surface Protein-1 (pkmsp-1) of Plasmodium knowlesi Isolates from Malaysia and Thailand

Cited by 2 publications

References 58 publications

Multiplicity of infection of Plasmodium knowlesi in Malaysia: an application of Pkmsp-1 block IV

Multiplicity of infection of Plasmodium knowlesi in Malaysia: an application of Pkmsp-1 block IV

Declining Genetic Polymorphisms of the C-terminus Merozoite Surface Protein-1 Amidst IncreasedPlasmodium knowlesiTransmission in Thailand

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