Inter-observer variability in the clinical and radiological assessment of adenoid size, and the correlation with adenoid volume

Maw, A. R.; Jeans, W. D.; Fernando, D. C. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2273.1981.tb01805.x

Cited by 72 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…26 The degree of correlation (Kendall test) was very similar among the different radiographic measurements and nasal endoscopy (r 5 0.67-0.68). Other authors, 29,30 despite using other methods for comparison, found similar correlation coefficients. The area under the ROC curve of 0.84 suggests a strong correlation between diagnosis made according to LCR and FFE.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Reliability of subjective, linear, ratio and area cephalometric measurements in assessing adenoid hypertrophy among different age groups

Souki

Franco

et al. 2012

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To test the validity of four different types of lateral cephalometric radiograph (LCR) measurements as a diagnostic test of adenoid hypertrophy in different age groups of mouthbreathing children. Materials and Methods: Eighty-six mouth-breathing children (male 54.65%, mean age 7.0 6 2.2 years) were randomly selected from a hospital population. Adenoid obstruction of the nasopharynx was evaluated by subjective, linear, ratio, and area LCR measurements. Each measurement was compared with flexible fiberoptic endoscopy diagnosis. Results: Kendall correlation coefficients for agreement between tests were $ 0.67 and kappa scores were substantial ($ 0.64). Higher correlation coefficients and agreement values were found in older age groups. When the sample was stratified by age, the 3-to 5-year-old age group showed lower correlation coefficients and agreement strength for subjective, linear, and ratio measurements. The sensitivity of LCR varied from 71% (ratio) to 84% (linear). The specificity varied from 83% (linear) to 97% (ratio). The positive predictive value varied from 88% (linear) to 97% (ratio). The negative predictive value varied from 70% (ratio) to 78% (linear). The validity of each measure was different among the age groups. Conclusions: LCR is a valid method for measuring adenoid hypertrophy in children from 6 to 12 years old. The diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy, based on LCR measurements, in children with primary dentition (3-5 years old) should be made with caution. The combination of linear and ratio LCR measurements is a reliable screening tool to determine the need for an ear, nose, and throat evaluation. (Angle Orthod. 2012;82:1001-1007

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Reliability of subjective, linear, ratio and area cephalometric measurements in assessing adenoid hypertrophy among different age groups

Souki

Franco

et al. 2012

The Angle Orthodontist

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“…But the residual nasopharyngeal airway in the symptomatic children was significantly smaller than that in asymptomatic children [18]. This observation has been confirmed by many authors [6,14,19]. The degree of nasopharyngeal airway obstruction was shown to be a more reliable parameter than the actual size or volume of resected adenoids in the evaluation of adenoidal obstruction severity [12].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Adenotonsillar hypertrophy: Does it correlate with obstructive symptoms in children?

Toros

Noşeri

Ertugay

et al. 2010

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

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“…Many previous studies, however, have used subjectively graded adenoid sizes or adenoid volumes removed at surgery as gold standards to which cephalometric measurements have been compared. [14][15][16][17] The development of SDB depends more on a decreased upper airway size than on the absolute size of the lymphoid tissue. 18 For this reason the actual size of pharyngeal airway should be used as a gold standard comparison when evaluating methods for diagnosing obstructed airways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of upper airway assessment in children:A clinical, cephalometric, and MRI study

Pirilä-Parkkinen

Löppönen

Nieminen

et al. 2011

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To test the hypothesis that the capability of two-dimensional lateral cephalogram in recognizing pharyngeal obstruction is poor compared with the capability of three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical observation of tonsillar size. Materials and Methods: The study participants were 36 prepubertal children (19 male, 17 female; mean age 7.3 6 1.43 years, range 4.8-9.8 years) with sleep-disordered breathing diagnosed by nocturnal polygraphy. Pharyngeal airway was imaged with a low-field open-configuration MRI scanner. Tonsillar size was clinically determined and lateral skull radiographs were taken and measured. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between the clinical, cephalometric, and MRI variables. Results: Nasopharyngeal and retropalatal cephalometric variables had a significant positive correlation with the MRI findings. Both techniques showed the narrowest measurement to be located in the retropalatal region. Clinical assessment of tonsillar size correlated inversely with MRI findings such as minimal retropalatal cross-sectional airway area (P 5 .000), minimal retroglossal cross-sectional airway area (P 5 .015), and intertonsillar airway width (P 5 .000). Cephalometric soft palate and tonsillar area correlated with clinical tonsillar size (P 5 .001). Conclusions: The hypothesis is rejected. The findings confirm that the lateral cephalogram is a valid method for measuring dimensions of the nasopharyngeal and retropalatal region. When evaluating oropharyngeal size, clinical assessment of tonsillar size is a relatively reliable method. (Angle Orthod. 2011;81:433-439.)

show abstract

Inter-observer variability in the clinical and radiological assessment of adenoid size, and the correlation with adenoid volume

Cited by 72 publications

References 10 publications

Reliability of subjective, linear, ratio and area cephalometric measurements in assessing adenoid hypertrophy among different age groups

Reliability of subjective, linear, ratio and area cephalometric measurements in assessing adenoid hypertrophy among different age groups

Adenotonsillar hypertrophy: Does it correlate with obstructive symptoms in children?

Validity of upper airway assessment in children:A clinical, cephalometric, and MRI study

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