Inter‐group aggressive interaction patterns indicate male mate defense and female cooperation across bonobo groups at Wamba, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Tokuyama, Nahoko; Sakamaki, Tetsuya; Furuichi, Takeshi

doi:10.1002/ajpa.23929

Cited by 52 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…One possible explanation for the increased travel distances we measured is that as associations are tense events for individuals (Tokuyama et al 2019;LC unpubl. data), participating in an association may result in a less efficient use of resources, which may increase the overall travel distance during the day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…data). In fact, although encounters can be aggressive in bonobos (Tokuyama et al 2019;LC et al unpubl. data), in Kokolopori, parties of different communities did not avoid each other even when their difference in size (and therefore their fighting abilities) was larger (Lucchesi et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its function includes potential social bonding (Brown 2005), reconciliation (Palagi et al 2004), and tension regulation (Hohmann and Fruth 2000). It is possible that similar mechanisms also apply across communities, for instance by helping females of different communities support each other against males (suggested in Sakamaki et al 2018 andTokuyama et al 2019). Research on the affiliative interactions between members of different communities, as well as on the different involvement of individuals of different sexes, may help elucidate which particular social benefits associations can provide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Better together? How intergroup associations affect energy balance and feeding behavior in wild bonobos

Lucchesi

Cheng

Deschner

et al. 2020

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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When the benefits of interacting with out-group members exceed the associated costs, social groups may be expected to be tolerant towards each other. However, in many species exhibiting intergroup tolerance, the nature of benefits gained from intergroup encounters remains unclear. We investigated the potential costs and benefits associated with intergroup associations in bonobos, a species with varying degrees of intergroup tolerance, by testing whether these associations conferred energetic benefits to participants under different socioecological contexts and whether the consequences of these associations substantially differed from within-group competition. We used measures of socioecological factors (fruit abundance and group size), feeding and ranging behaviors, and a physiological marker of energy balance (urinary c-peptide of insulin) collected over a 19-month period from two neighboring wild communities in the Kokolopori Bonobo Reserve, Democratic Republic of the Congo. We found that intergroup associations were not related to individuals’ energy balance, but they were related to variations in individuals’ ranging and feeding behavior. Specifically, bonobos traveled longer distances, visited larger fruit patches, and increased the time spent feeding on fruits on days they associated with the neighboring group. These adaptations in feeding behavior may be strategies to offset the energetic costs of increased travel distances. In the absence of obvious energetic benefits and with clear strategies employed to offset energetic costs, it is likely that intergroup associations in bonobos provide benefits unrelated to energy acquisition, such as social benefits. Our study sheds light on the potential incentives promoting social networks to extend beyond and across groups in a tolerant species. Significance statement Intergroup encounters can be energetically costly due to increased competition over resources. Yet, some species associate with out-group individuals for extended periods of time when the benefits of participating in these associations exceed the potential costs. Bonobos, a species exhibiting intergroup tolerance, modified their feeding behavior during intergroup associations by feeding on larger fruit patches and increasing their time spent feeding on fruits, likely to offset energetic costs of increased travel distances. As results, individuals’ energy balance was not related with intergroup associations. The employment of such strategies in addition to the absence of clear energetic benefits suggests that intergroup associations in bonobos provide social rather than ecological benefits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Better together? How intergroup associations affect energy balance and feeding behavior in wild bonobos

Lucchesi

Cheng

Deschner

et al. 2020

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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“…Bonobos show milder aggression during intergroup encounters 9 , 16 , 17 , and there are no documented cases of intergroup killing 3 . They may even show affiliative interactions with members of other groups during intergroup encounters 18 – 21 , including food sharing 22 and facilitating outgroup member access to food 23 . Within groups, these species also exhibit different patterns of gregariousness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consistent differences in a virtual world model of ape societies

Wilson

Brosnan

Lonsdorf

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Practical and ethical constraints limit our ability to experimentally test socioecological theory in wild primates. We took an alternate approach to model this, allowing groups of humans to interact in a virtual world in which they had to find food and interact with both ingroup and outgroup avatars to earn rewards. We altered ratios and distributions of high-and low-value foods to test the hypothesis that hominoids vary with regards to social cohesion and intergroup tolerance due to their feeding ecology. We found larger nesting clusters and decreased attacks on outgroup competitors in the Bonobo condition versus the Chimpanzee condition, suggesting a significant effect of feeding competition alone on social structure. We also demonstrate that virtual worlds are a robust mechanism for testing hypotheses that are impossible to study in the wild.

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“…To wit, the viability of a chimpanzee genetic pool (which is ≤300 individuals) is maintained by the relocation of fertile females among groups. When chimpanzees from those groups ("kin" or "others" in our terminology) encounter each other, the outcomes vary from skirmishes to friendship (see Tokuyama et al, 2019 for a recent discussion). This contrasts with encounters of groups from a different breeding pool ("strangers"), who fight until annihilation of one of the groups, including productive females.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prehistoric Perspectives on “Others” and “Strangers”

Belfer‐Cohen

Hovers

2020

Front. Psychol.

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Social "connectivity" through time is currently considered as one of the major drivers of cultural transmission and cultural evolution. Within this framework, the interactions within and between groups are impacted by individuals' distinction of social relationships. In this paper, we focus on changes in a major aspect of social perceptions, "other" and "stranger." As inferred from the archaeological record, this perception among human groups gained importance during the course of the Pleistocene. These changes would have occurred due to the plasticity of cognitive mechanisms, in response to the demands on behavior along the trajectory of human social evolution. The concepts of "other" and "stranger" have received little attention in the archaeological discourse, yet they are fundamental in the perception of social standing. The property of being an "other" is defined by one's perception and is inherent to one's view of the world around oneself; when shared by a group it becomes a social cognitive construct. Allocating an individual the status of a "stranger" is a socially-defined state that is potentially transient. We hypothesize that, while possibly entrenched in deep evolutionary origins, the latter is a relatively late addition to socio-cognitive categorization, associated with increased sedentism, larger groups and reduced territorial extent as part of the process of Neolithization. We posit that "others" and "strangers" can be approached from contextual archaeological data, with inferences as regards the evolution of cognitive social categories. Our analysis focused on raw material studies, observations on style, and evidence for craft specialization. We find that contrary to the null hypothesis the archaeological record implies earlier emergence of complex sociocognitive categorization. The cognitive, cultural and social processes involved in the maintenance and distinction between "others" and "strangers" can be defined as "self-domestication" that is still an ongoing process.

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Inter‐group aggressive interaction patterns indicate male mate defense and female cooperation across bonobo groups at Wamba, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Cited by 52 publications

References 105 publications

Better together? How intergroup associations affect energy balance and feeding behavior in wild bonobos

Better together? How intergroup associations affect energy balance and feeding behavior in wild bonobos

Consistent differences in a virtual world model of ape societies

Prehistoric Perspectives on “Others” and “Strangers”

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