Inter-comparison of thermal measurements using ground-based sensors, UAV thermal cameras, and eddy covariance radiometers

Abstract

With the increasing availability of thermal proximity sensors, UAV-borne cameras, and eddy covariance radiometers there may be an assumption that information produced by these sensors is interchangeable or compatible. This assumption is often held for estimation of agricultural parameters such as canopy and soil temperature, energy balance components, and evapotranspiration. Nevertheless, environmental conditions, calibration, and ground settings may affect the relationship between measurements from each of these thermal sensors. This work presents a comparison between proximity infrared radiometer (IRT) sensors, microbolometer thermal cameras used in UAVs, and thermal radiometers used in eddy covariance towers in an agricultural setting. The information was collected in the 2015 and 2016 irrigation seasons at a commercial vineyard located in California for the USDA Agricultural Research Service Grape Remote Sensing Atmospheric Profile and Evapotranspiration Experiment (GRAPEX) Program. Information was captured at different times during diurnal cycles, and IRT and radiometer footprint areas were calculated for comparison with UAV thermal raster information. Issues such as sensor accuracy, the location of IRT sensors, diurnal temperature changes, and surface characterizations are presented.

High-Resolution Image Products Acquired from Mid-Sized Uncrewed Aerial Systems for Land–Atmosphere Studies

“…The IRT flown on the TigerShark (and ArcticShark) was an Apogee SI-411-SS that senses surface skin temperature using a thermopile [36]. Like the Altum thermal band, it also measures in the 8-14 µm wavelength range and has a similar FOV, allowing for excellent intercomparison between the sensors, as conducted in previous studies [37]. Serving as a further comparison, a 30 m tower at the SGP site is equipped with a Heitronics 700 IRT [38].…”

Los drones una herramienta para una agricultura eficiente: un futuro de alta tecnología

“…Con la creciente disponibilidad de sensores térmicos de proximidad, cámaras UAV y radiómetros de covarianza de Foucault, puede suponerse que la información producida por estos sensores es intercambiable o compatible (Torres-Rua et al, 2018). Este supuesto se mantiene a menudo para la estimación de parámetros agrícolas como la cubierta y la temperatura del suelo, los componentes del balance energético y la evapotranspiración.…”

“…La estimación usando drones del estado de los nutrientes del cultivo puede beneficiar directamente la tasa de aplicación al incluir la totalidad del campo. En este sentido, los resultados de la investigación indican que es posible realizar el monitoreo con vehículos aéreos no tripulados científicos y sensores de cámara especializados como cámaras ópticas y térmicas (Al-Arab et al, 2013;Torres-Rua et al, 2018), junto con sensores especializados filtros ópticos como Red Edge o cámaras hiperespectrales.…”

Potencial Uso De Câmera Termal Acoplada a Vant Para Monitoramento De Culturas

“…A distância é definida pelas características de imagem que cada usuário precisa, portanto não há um padrão. Trabalhos na agricultura têm usados distâncias do sensor termográfico entre 30 e 50 metros de altitude, definida pelo de voo do VANT (SALAMÍ et al, 2014;SANKARAN et al, 2015;TORRES-RUA et al, 2018).…”