Inter-annual and seasonal variations in the air–sea CO2 balance in the central Baltic Sea and the Kattegat

Wesslander, Karin; Omstedt, Anders; Schneider, Bernd

doi:10.1016/j.csr.2010.05.014

Cited by 52 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Wesslander et al (2010) show that the Kattegat was a sink of CO 2 , while the eastern Gotland and Bornholm seas were sources. They show that the interannual variability in the annual net flux is mainly controlled by the winter conditions.…”

Section: G Parard Et Al: Air-sea Co 2 Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The potential of using remote sensing data to estimate air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange in the Baltic Sea

et al. 2017

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Abstract. In this article, we present the first climatological map of air-sea CO 2 flux over the Baltic Sea based on remote sensing data: estimates of pCO 2 derived from satellite imaging using self-organizing map classifications along with class-specific linear regressions (SOMLO methodology) and remotely sensed wind estimates. The estimates have a spatial resolution of 4 km both in latitude and longitude and a monthly temporal resolution from 1998 to 2011. The CO 2 fluxes are estimated using two types of wind products, i.e. reanalysis winds and satellite wind products, the higher-resolution wind product generally leading to higher-amplitude flux estimations.Furthermore, the CO 2 fluxes were also estimated using two methods: the method of Wanninkhof et al.

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Section: G Parard Et Al: Air-sea Co 2 Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The balance between mineralization and production and the depth of the mixed layer in the different oceanic zones examined were shown to be the main drivers of their respective sink-source distributions (Wesslander et al, 2010).…”

Section: G Parard Et Al: Air-sea Co 2 Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of using remote sensing data to estimate air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange in the Baltic Sea

et al. 2017

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“…However, the expected trend of 0.02 pH units per decade, which corresponds to the current increase in atmospheric CO 2 of 2.0 ppm year −1 , could not be definitively identified. This may be due to the large seasonal amplitude of the pH signal and/or to the considerable interannual variability (Wesslander et al 2010). It is also possible that other changes in the biogeochemical conditions may have counteracted the pH decrease.…”

Section: Past Changesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It is not known whether the Baltic Sea is a net sink or a net source of atmospheric CO 2 . Whereas Thomas and Schneider (1999) reported a CO 2 uptake of 0.9 mol m −2 year −1 by the central Baltic Sea, Wesslander et al (2010) concluded that the Gotland Sea and Bornholm Sea are sources of atmospheric CO 2 and release 1.6 and 2.4 mol m −2 year −1 CO 2 , respectively, to the atmosphere. These discrepancies are due to the different data sources, all showing insufficient temporal and spatial coverage in view of the huge daily, seasonal, interannual and regional variability in surface water pCO 2 .…”

Section: Current Process Understandingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Impacts—Marine Biogeochemistry

Schneider

Eilola

Lukkari

et al. 2015

Regional Climate Studies

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Marine biogeochemistry deals with the budgets and transformations of biogeochemically reactive elements such as carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus compounds are the major nutrients and control organic matter (biomass) production in the surface water. Due to various anthropogenic activities, the input of these nutrients into the Baltic Sea has increased drastically during the last century and has enhanced the net organic matter production by a factor of 2-4 (eutrophication). This has led to detrimental oxygen depletion and hydrogen sulphide production in the deep basins of the Baltic Sea. Model simulations based on the Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) indicate that current eutrophication and thus extension of oxygen-depleted areas cannot be reversed within the next hundred years by the proposed nutrient reduction measures. Another environmental problem is related to decreasing pH (acidification) that is caused by dissolution of the rising atmospheric CO 2 . Estimates indicate a decrease in pH by about 0.15 during the last 1-2 centuries, and continuation of this trend may have serious ecological consequences. However, the concurrent increase in the alkalinity of the Baltic Sea may have significantly counteracted acidification.

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Regionalized global budget of the CO₂ exchange at the air‐water interface in continental shelf seas

Laruelle

Lauerwald

Pfeil

et al. 2014

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

210

260

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Over the past decade, estimates of the atmospheric CO 2 uptake by continental shelf seas were constrained within the 0.18-0.45 Pg C yr À1 range. However, most of those estimates are based on extrapolations from limited data sets of local flux measurements (n < 100). Here we propose to derive the CO 2 air-sea exchange of the shelf seas by extracting 3 · 10 6 direct surface ocean CO 2 measurements from the global database SOCAT (Surface Ocean CO 2 Atlas), atmospheric CO 2 values from GlobalVIEW and calculating gas transfer rates using readily available global temperature, salinity, and wind speed fields. We then aggregate our results using a global segmentation of the shelf in 45 units and 152 subunits to establish a consistent regionalized CO 2 exchange budget at the global scale. Within each unit, the data density determines the spatial and temporal resolutions at which the air-sea CO 2 fluxes are calculated and range from a 0.5°resolution in the best surveyed regions to a whole unit resolution in areas where data coverage is limited. Our approach also accounts, for the first time, for the partial sea ice cover of polar shelves. Our new regionalized global CO 2 sink estimate of 0.19 ± 0.05 Pg C yr À1 falls in the low end of previous estimates. Reported to an ice-free surface area of 22 · 10 6 km 2 , this value yields a flux density of 0.7 mol C m À2 yr À1 ,~40% more intense than that of the open ocean. Our results also highlight the significant contribution of Arctic shelves to this global CO 2 uptake (0.07 Pg C yr À1 ).

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Inter-annual and seasonal variations in the air–sea CO2 balance in the central Baltic Sea and the Kattegat

Cited by 52 publications

References 30 publications

The potential of using remote sensing data to estimate air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange in the Baltic Sea

The potential of using remote sensing data to estimate air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange in the Baltic Sea

Environmental Impacts—Marine Biogeochemistry

Regionalized global budget of the CO₂ exchange at the air‐water interface in continental shelf seas

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Inter-annual and seasonal variations in the air–sea CO2 balance in the central Baltic Sea and the Kattegat

Cited by 52 publications

References 30 publications

The potential of using remote sensing data to estimate air–sea CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; exchange in the Baltic Sea

The potential of using remote sensing data to estimate air–sea CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; exchange in the Baltic Sea

Environmental Impacts—Marine Biogeochemistry

Regionalized global budget of the CO2 exchange at the air‐water interface in continental shelf seas

Contact Info

Product

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The potential of using remote sensing data to estimate air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange in the Baltic Sea

The potential of using remote sensing data to estimate air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange in the Baltic Sea

Regionalized global budget of the CO₂ exchange at the air‐water interface in continental shelf seas