Inter‐ and Intratester Reliability of Anthropometric Assessment of Limb Circumference in Labrador Retrievers

Smith, Thomas J.; Baltzer, Wendy I.; Jelinski, Susan; Salinardi, Brenda Jo

doi:10.1111/j.1532-950x.2013.01102.x

Cited by 21 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This may be of importance in clinical settings in which multiple observers perform TC measurements. Previous studies have suggested a single observer improves reliability in measurement (Smith et al, 2013, Baker et al, 2010 and our study confirms these findings. However if multiple observers are performing TC measurements on the same patient over time, the use of laser guidance may be indicated to provide a consistent marking of mid-thigh level in an individual patient.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…For non-laser guided measurements, TC was measured as previously described (midway between the palpated greater trochanter and lateral femoral condyle) with the dog in normal weight bearing position (Smith et al, 2013). For laser-guided TC measurements, dogs were positioned in a normal weight bearing, square stance on a location marked with an 'X' on the floor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TC has been used to evaluate symmetry in muscle mass between pelvic limbs and hence is often used as an objective evaluation of response to treatment of CCLD (Gordon-Evans et al, 2010, Gordon-Evans et al, 2011, Gordon-Evans et al, 2013, Moeller et al, 2010). Unfortunately previous studies evaluating canine TC measurement using various tape measures have shown significant inter-and intra-observer variability (Smith et al, 2013, Baker et al, 2010. Use of a spring-tensioned device (GT) is recommended to decrease variability in the force used by the observer when tensioning the tape measure around the limb (Millis et al, 1999, Millis, 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Use of a spring-tensioned device (GT) is recommended to decrease variability in the force used by the observer when tensioning the tape measure around the limb (Millis et al, 1999, Millis, 2004. However, this technology is reportedly only reliable for measurements of the proximal antebrachium in canines and its validity for thigh circumference measurement has been questioned (Smith et al, 2013). Without reliable methods for TC measurement, this assessment may give an incomplete or erroneous evaluation of response to therapy and intervention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Factors Influencing Thigh Circumference Measurement in Dogs

Bascuñán

Kieves

Goh

et al. 2016

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Objective: To evaluate inter-and intra-observer variability, influence of hair clipping and laser guidance on canine thigh circumference (TC) measurements amongst observers.Background: It was our goal to further study the reliability of canine TC measurements as currently performed. For this purpose we designed a cadaveric model that allows for controlled inflation of the thigh resembling increase of muscle mass. We also investigated the impact of novel technologies (laser guidance) and hair clipping on TC measurements in this model.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Factors Influencing Thigh Circumference Measurement in Dogs

Bascuñán

Kieves

Goh

et al. 2016

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“…Although thigh girth measurement has been studied in veterinary patients, differences between observers have been problematic (8, 13). Standard technique and limb positioning may result in improved agreement among observers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variables Affecting Thigh Girth Measurement and Observer Reliability in Dogs

et al. 2018

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Objective: The purpose of the study reported here was to describe variables affecting thigh girth measurements preoperatively and 2 weeks after surgical stabilization of the stifle and to examine inter- and intra-observer reliability.Animals: Ten hound-type dogs with experimental, unilateral, cranial cruciate ligament transection, and surgical stabilization.Procedures: Dogs were placed in lateral recumbency for measurements of thigh circumference after the stifle was placed in flexed (F), estimated standing (S), and extended (E) positions. Measurements were made at 50 and 70% of thigh length (TL), with hair unclipped and then clipped prior to surgery, before and 2 weeks after cruciate ligament transection and stifle stabilization, and with and without sedation. A spring tension measuring tape was used to determine thigh girth that allowed a consistent amount of end-tension to be applied to the tape. All measurements were made by two blinded individuals in triplicate, data were recorded for each set of measurements and the mean of the three measurements for each condition was used for analysis.Results: Thigh girth was significantly greater at the more proximal site of 50% TL (36.7 ± 2.6 cm) when compared to the 70% TL (31.7 ± 2.7 cm) (P = 0.001). Sedation did not significantly affect thigh girth at any stifle position at the 70% and 50% TL. Although there were no differences in thigh circumference between the flexion and standing positions at 50% TL (F 38.2 ± 2.8 cm, S 38.1 ± 2.9 cm) and 70% TL (F 33.6 ± 1.6 cm; S 33.6 ± 1.8 cm), full extension of the stifle resulted in significantly less thigh girth (50% TL 36.6 ± 2.6 cm, P = 0.006; 70% TL 31.7 ± 2.6 cm, P = 0.006). Significant decreases in thigh girth were seen after surgery in all limb positions at both measurement sites. The highest correlations between Observer 1 (OB1) and Observer 2 (OB2) with least differences in measurements were with the stifle in the extended position. Agreement between two observers using standard measuring technique was significant at both the 50% (OB1: 34.10 ± 2.93 cm, OB2: 34.08 ± 2.65 cm, P = 0.007, ICC = 0.984) and 70% (OB1: 29.89 ± 2.43 cm, OB2: 30.04 ± 2.30 cm, P = 0.004, ICC = 0.981) TL positions with the stifle placed in extended position.Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Thigh girth measurement may be useful as an outcome measure when appropriate measuring technique is used. It is recommended that thigh girth be obtained at a distance of 70% thigh length, with the leg in an extended position while in lateral recumbency, and the dog relaxed or under sedation. Further studies should be performed in a variety of clinical situations.

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The Rehabilitation Examination

Foster

2020

Canine Lameness

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Inter‐ and Intratester Reliability of Anthropometric Assessment of Limb Circumference in Labrador Retrievers

Abstract: Using the described method of muscle measurement in Labrador Retrievers only measurement of the proximal antebrachium was reliable; a single (1st) measurement was as reliable as using the mean of triplicate measurements.

Cited by 21 publications

References 9 publications

Evaluation of Factors Influencing Thigh Circumference Measurement in Dogs

Evaluation of Factors Influencing Thigh Circumference Measurement in Dogs

Variables Affecting Thigh Girth Measurement and Observer Reliability in Dogs

The Rehabilitation Examination

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