Inter- and Intrasexual Variation in Cuticular Hydrocarbons in Trichrysis cyanea (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae)

Fröhlich, David; Zangl, Lukas; Raspotnig, Günther; Koblmüller, Stephan

doi:10.3390/insects13020159

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…For compounds B and C, GC–MS data in combination with NMR data were used for identification. The hydrocarbons D and VI were identified by their mass spectra, and the positions of double bonds in compound D were determined by DMDS derivatization (Carlson et al 1989 ; Fröhlich et al 2022 ). The remaining minor compounds (I–V) were tentatively identified by GC–MS data only.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

After chemo-metamorphosis: p-menthane monoterpenoids characterize the oil gland secretion of adults of the oribatid mite, Nothrus palustris

et al. 2023

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The oil gland secretion of the oribatid mite Nothrus palustris is known to show the phenomenon of juvenile–adult polymorphism, i.e., juvenile instars produce secretions predominated by geranial, whereas adults secrete dehydrocineole along with a number of chemically unidentified compounds. We here re-analyzed the secretions of adult N. palustris by GC–MS and NMR spectroscopy, eventually identifying the unknown compounds as p-menthane monoterpenoids. The major components were two isomeric 6-isopropenyl-3-methyl-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl formates (= p-1,8-menthadien-5-yl formates), which accounted for about 75% of the secretion. These were accompanied by five additional, only partly identified p-menthanes (or p-methane-derivatives), all of which represented minor or trace components. In addition, adult secretions contained two C21-hydrocarbons, 1,12-heneicosadiene (major) and a heneicosatriene (minor). Menthane monoterpenoids represent a novel sub-class of terpene compounds in the oil gland secretions of Oribatida. In case of N. palustris, we assume that both geranial and p-menthane monoterpenoids arise via the mevalonate pathway which obviously shows a split at the level of geranyl pyrophosphate, leading to geranial in juveniles and to p-menthanes in adults. The significance of methane occurrence in oil glands as well as the taxonomic distribution of juvenile–adult polymorphism in oribatid oil gland secretions is discussed. The latter phenomenon—i.e., “chemo-metamorphosis” of secretions—is not known from early- and middle-derivative Oribatida nor from Astigmata, but appears to be more common in some derivative desmonomatan and brachypyline oribatid groups.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

After chemo-metamorphosis: p-menthane monoterpenoids characterize the oil gland secretion of adults of the oribatid mite, Nothrus palustris

et al. 2023

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“…Within single populations of non-eusocial hymenopteran species, two co-occurring female CHC phenotypes have been found for Euglossa dilemma (Saleh et al 2021 ), Odynerus spinipes (Wurdack et al 2015 ; Moris et al 2021 ), and Philanthus triangulum (Strohm et al 2008a , 2010 ), while female Trichrysis cyanea have recently been reported to exhibit three different female CHC profiles. However, for the latter species it is as yet unclear whether the observed polymorphism is consistent or simply reflects the females’ reproductive state (Fröhlich et al 2022 ). Despite the observed female CHC polymorphisms, males seemed to exhibit only a single CHC phenotype within a given population in three of these species (Wurdack et al 2015 ; Moris et al 2021 ; Saleh et al 2021 ; Fröhlich et al 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, for the latter species it is as yet unclear whether the observed polymorphism is consistent or simply reflects the females’ reproductive state (Fröhlich et al 2022 ). Despite the observed female CHC polymorphisms, males seemed to exhibit only a single CHC phenotype within a given population in three of these species (Wurdack et al 2015 ; Moris et al 2021 ; Saleh et al 2021 ; Fröhlich et al 2022 ). Male P. triangulum , however, showed a CHC dimorphism that was similar to that observed for females, but less pronounced (Kroiss et al 2006 ; Strohm et al 2008b ; Strohm, pers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cuticular Hydrocarbon Polymorphism in a Parasitoid Wasp

Pokorny

Rüther

2023

J Chem Ecol

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Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are major constituents of the cuticular lipid layer of insects. They serve not only as a barrier to desiccation, but often additionally mediate communication at close range. The compositions of the CHC profiles, i.e., the specific compounds and their relative amounts, usually differ between species. Additional intraspecific variability can be found between different populations, between colonies and castes of social insects, and between the sexes. Thus, such groups can often be distinguished based on distinctive compounds and/or specific compound ratios. The CHC profile may further be influenced by biotic and abiotic factors, which therefore can impact, e.g., nestmate recognition or mate choice. However, consistent intrasexual variation seems to be rare. Here, we investigated a case of intrasexual CHC variability within a single population of a parasitoid wasp. While wasps of both sexes produced the same set of compounds, the relative amounts of specific compound classes revealed the presence of intrasexual chemical phenotypes. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of three distinct female CHC profile patterns within a population of a solitary insect that uses CHCs for mate recognition. Additionally, male CHC profiles, while overall very similar, could be separated into two chemotypes by multivariate analysis. The study of species exhibiting such intraspecific and intrasexual CHC variation will advance our understanding of the effects of CHC variability on both, desiccation resistance and intraspecific communication.

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Cuticular hydrocarbon profiles in velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) are highly complex and do not chemically mimic their hosts

Ronchetti

Schmitt

Romano³

et al. 2023

Chemoecology

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Although recognition using cuticular chemistry is important for host–parasite interactions within aculeate Hymenoptera, cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles of only a few host–parasite pairs were characterized and compared. One largely neglected family in this context is the Mutillidae (velvet ants), whose species are ectoparasitoids of bees and wasps. In our study, we characterized and compared the CHC profiles of five species of Mutillidae and seven host species. The CHC profile of velvet ants differed among species and included large proportions of n-alkanes and methyl-branched alkanes. Alkenes were much less abundant in the CHC profiles of three species of velvet ants compared with their hosts, while the other two species possess a much lower abundance of methyl-branched alkanes than their hosts. Both the number of peaks and compound diversity were generally higher in velvet ants compared with their hosts. Thus, CHC profiles of parasitoids did not show signs of mimicry when compared with their hosts. In dyadic encounters between one species of velvet ant and its host bee species, the parasitoid mainly avoided interacting, while aggression by the host was rare. Our results suggest that velvet ants did not evolve chemical mimicry, perhaps in accordance with their wide host spectrum which would limit chemical specialization. However, the reduction of alkenes in social bee-attacking species and the reduction of methyl-branched alkanes in social wasp-attacking species may favour host nest invasion, since these two CHC classes are known to be important in nestmate recognition for social bees and wasps, respectively. A larger, phylogeny-corrected comparison of Mutillidae and hosts may help clarifying the evolution of the CHC profile of these parasitoids.

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Inter- and Intrasexual Variation in Cuticular Hydrocarbons in Trichrysis cyanea (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae)

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

After chemo-metamorphosis: p-menthane monoterpenoids characterize the oil gland secretion of adults of the oribatid mite, Nothrus palustris

After chemo-metamorphosis: p-menthane monoterpenoids characterize the oil gland secretion of adults of the oribatid mite, Nothrus palustris

Cuticular Hydrocarbon Polymorphism in a Parasitoid Wasp

Cuticular hydrocarbon profiles in velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) are highly complex and do not chemically mimic their hosts

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