Inter- and intra-individual variation in urinary biomarker concentrations over a 6-day sampling period. Part 2: Personal care product ingredients

Koch, Holger M.; Aylward, Lesa L.; Hays, Sean M.; Smolders, Roel; Moos, Rebecca K.; Cocker, John; Jones, Kate; Warren, Nicholas; Levy, Len; Bevan, Ruth

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.023

Cited by 99 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This wide range of ICCs reflects the complications associated with relying on ICC values when exploring intra-individual variability for urinary TCS. For example, as noted by Koch et al (2014), "In many cases the relatively high ICC values in the current study derived from large between-individual differences in exposure levels rather than from low within-individual variation … " Koch et al further observe that a single spot sample may "substantially over-or under-represent average exposure to that individual." Similarly, referring to ICCs of around 0.5-0.6, Philippat et al (2013) stated: "Although a correlation of this magnitude is greater than reported for many other rapidly metabolized compounds, it may still result in bias due to exposure misclassification if the putative window of susceptibility is distant from the sample collection period … To limit the effects of exposure misclassification, studies of the effects of phenol prenatal exposure on health should try to collect multiple urine samples during pregnancy.…”

Section: Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 63%

Systematic review of the literature on triclosan and health outcomes in humans

Goodman

Naiman

LaKind

2017

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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The ability of epidemiologic evidence to inform regulatory decisions is largely dependent on the coherence and quality of the published literature. This systematic review examines the quality and consistency of studies assessing health outcomes associated with exposure to triclosan (TCS), an antimicrobial chemical with a short physiologic half-life. We used elements of the Biomonitoring, Environmental Epidemiology, and Short-Lived Chemicals instrument to evaluate aspects of study quality. Each methodological domain -overall design, exposure assessment, and data analysis -was categorized according to three tiers where Tier 1 indicated the highest quality. We also examined consistency of methods, results and reporting as considerations for weight of evidence (WOE) assessment. Studies were considered sufficiently comparable if they addressed the same or similar research questions. Forty-two studies met the criteria for inclusion. Only one randomized cross-over clinical trial of TCS was assigned to Tier 1 for all three domains. Most other studies were assigned to Tier 3 for at least one domain. Although the available literature examined more than 100 different health endpoints and reported hundreds of different measures of association, few studies were considered comparable. For reported measures of association, most were not significantly different from the null; the few statistically significant results represented isolated findings without a discernable across-or within-study pattern. We conclude that the current body of epidemiologic literature does not allow a meaningful WOE assessment due to methodological limitations of individual studies and lack of inter-study consistency. On the other hand, methodologically stronger studies may be used to inform future research. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 63%

Systematic review of the literature on triclosan and health outcomes in humans

Goodman

Naiman

LaKind

2017

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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“…If properly collected and treated, human urine could be a promising and rich source of the reclaimed water to meet various needs, especially in areas with dense population but shortage of water. However, pharmaceuticals and personal care products were unfavorably found in human urine (Koch et al, 2014;Magiera and Baranowsica, 2014), which posed potential health risks for water reuse from source-separated urine. On the other hand, although urine from healthy humans does not generally contain pathogens, it is still a challenge that source-separated urine may involve pathogens due to the faecal contamination (Hoglund et al, 1998), such as enteric bacteria and coliphage MS2 (Chandran et al, 2009), rhesus rotavirus and Salmonella typhimurium phage 28B (Hoglund et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of water matrix on virus inactivation using common virucidal techniques for condensate urine disinfection

Zuo

Chu

2015

Chemosphere

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Three common virucidal techniques (chlorine, UV and UV/TiO2) were applied to inactivate virus (MS2 and Phi X174) in condensate water after the evaporation of source-separated urine for reclaimed water. The inactivation efficiencies were compared with the results of previous studies, with the emphasis on the analysis of water matrix effects. Results showed that all virus inactivation in condensate water were lower than the control (in sterilized DI water). As for UV/TiO2 disinfection, both nitrate and ammonia nitrogen could promote slightly viral inactivation, while the inhibition by urea was dominant. Similarly, ammonia nitrogen had greater impacts on chlorine disinfection than urea and nitrate. In contrast, all water matrices (urea, nitrate and ammonia nitrogen) had little influence on UV disinfection. Based on the findings in this study, UV disinfection could be recommended for disinfecting the reclaimed water from the evaporation of source-separated urine.

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“…Although of moderate sample size, a general population sample was enrolled preconception, and male partner data was concurrently modeled with females in a comprehensive analysis incorporating confounding variables. However, the use of a single baseline urine may have misclassified exposure at conception, leading to underestimated effects, in particular for phthalates and BPA [89,90].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Women with pregnancies were recruited, and TTP was assessed retrospectively without incorporation of male factors. Furthermore, misclassification associated with the use of a first trimester urine biomarker for retrospective exposure assignment is likely to underestimate effects, in particular for phthalates and BPA [89,90]. However, the large study size provided for ample statistical power to detect modest associations, and comprehensive statistical and sensitivity analyses were completed.…”

Section: Maternal-infant Research On Environmental Chemicals Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Female Infertility and “Emerging” Organic Pollutants of Concern

Bloom

Micu

Neamtiu³

2016

Curr Epidemiol Rep

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Modern chemical instrumentation has fostered a revolution of sorts, in which epidemiologic studies of female infertility can now devote attention to very low level, Bbackground^exposures to Bemerging^non-persistent organic pollutants, rather than on Blegacy^persistent organic pollutants. Predicated on widespread and frequent contact, and substantial experimental evidence of estrogen-disruptive effects, concern for phthalate diesters, environmental phenols (bisphenol A and triclosan), and ultraviolet filters (benzophenones) as risk factors for female infertility has grown. We reviewed the contemporary epidemiologic evidence for these emerging environmental pollutants as risk factors for female infertility. We conclude that the epidemiologic evidence is insufficient to date, to substantiate background exposures as risk factors for female infertility. However, very few epidemiologic investigations have been published. To more definitively address concerns, additional epidemiologic investigations are needed, including longitudinal collection of multiple biospecimens, simultaneous consideration of couplelevel exposures, and incorporating mixtures of these and additional emerging organic pollutants.

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Inter- and intra-individual variation in urinary biomarker concentrations over a 6-day sampling period. Part 2: Personal care product ingredients

Cited by 99 publications

References 20 publications

Systematic review of the literature on triclosan and health outcomes in humans

Systematic review of the literature on triclosan and health outcomes in humans

Effects of water matrix on virus inactivation using common virucidal techniques for condensate urine disinfection

Female Infertility and “Emerging” Organic Pollutants of Concern

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