Intentions to Use Doping Measure

Profile of gym-goers who do not use performance-enhancement substances

“…Therefore, understanding the motivations of those gym-goers who reject PES, despite social pressure to consume (Copeland and Potwarka, 2016), may involve identifying a set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, and intentions, concerning substance use (Barkoukis et al, 2013). Following recent research that explained these cognitive aspects associated with PES use in the fitness context (Tavares et al, 2020a), the present study adopts the main concepts of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB; Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980;Ajzen, 1991) to explain the determinants of non-use of PES.…”

“…Over the past years, researchers have found that athletes' substance use is determined by their intentions to engage in behaviors aimed at improving performance (e.g., Barkoukis et al, 2013;Ntoumanis et al, 2014). According to researchers who have conducted studies based on TPB (e.g., Chan et al, 2015a;Kirby et al, 2016), these intentions for PES use, in turn, are determined by three main social cognitive factors.…”